‒ Born on 22 November 1942 in Rome (ITA)

‒ Nationality: Italian

‒ Economist at the Bank of Italy (1967–1970)

‒ Economist in the Exchange and Trade Relations Department then assistant to the Executive Director for Italy, Spain, Greece and Portugal at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (1970–1975)

‒ Assigned to the Research Department, Head of the Office for International Monetary and Financial Issues (1975–1984) and Head of the Foreign Department (1984–1997) at the Bank of Italy

‒ Managing Director for International Affairs at the Bank of Italy (1997–2003)

‒ Member of the committee set up by the Italian Government to manage the changeover to the single currency (1998–2002) and, in this capacity, chairman of the ‘finance’ subcommittee (2000–2002)

‒ Vice President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) (2003–2006)

‒ Member of the Governing Board and Senior Deputy Governor at the Bank of Italy (2006–2013)

‒ Italian Minister for Economic Affairs and Finance (2013–2014)