— Born on 13 December 1934 in Copenhagen (DK)

— Nationality: Danish

— Official at the Danish Ministry of Economic Affairs (1961–1964)

— Associate Professor (1964–1969) then Professor (1971–2004) of Economics at the University of Copenhagen

— Economic Adviser to the Treasury of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, with the Harvard University Development Advisory Service (1969–1971)

— Head of Monetary Division and Studies at the OECD, Paris (1971–1973)

— Adviser to the Governor of the Danmarks Nationalbank (1973–1983)

— Chairman of the Danish Economic Council (1983–1985)

— Member of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Union in the European Communities (‘Delors Committee’) (1988–1989)

— Member of the Swedish Government’s Advisory Group on the economic crisis (1992–1993)

— Research Professor at the Danske Bank (1998–2003)

— Chairman of the European Fiscal Board (since 2016)