On 25 March 1957, the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC).

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Annex I lists the products and headings and their respective rates of duty in the Common Customs Tariff.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Annex II lists the agricultural products subject to the Common Customs Tariff.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Annex III lists the invisible transactions relating to to trade in goods, capital and services, as well as the transfer of capital and salaries.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Annex IV lists the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) associated with the EEC.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol that lays down the tasks and Statute of the European Investment Bank (EIB).

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol on German internal trade and connected problems.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol on provisions relating to France dealing with charges, aid and payment for overtime.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol on the granting to Italy of resources from the European Investment Bank and European Social Fund, bearing in mind Italy’s ten-year programme of economic expansion and its attempts to raise the standard of living of the population (Vanoni Plan).

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol on the specific agricultural and demographic situation in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol on goods originating in and coming from certain countries and which enjoy special treatment when imported into one of the six Member States.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol on the treatment to be applied to products from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in relation to Algeria and the overseas departments (DOM) of the French Republic.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol on customs duties and charges having equivalent effect applied to mineral oils and certain of their derivatives.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes a protocol on its application to the non-European parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It includes an implementing convention on the association of the Overseas Countries and Territories with the EEC and on the operation of the Development Fund for the Overseas Countries and Territories (FEDOM).

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The Treaty includes a protocol on the tariff quota for imports of bananas into the Federal Republic of Germany.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The Treaty includes a protocol on the tariff quota for imports of raw coffee into Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The Treaty includes a protocol, signed on 17 April 1957, which lays down the statute of judges and advocates-general and the organisation and procedures of the Court of Justice of the EEC.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The Treaty includes a protocol, signed on 17 April 1957, which lays down the privileges and immunities of the EEC.

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The Treaty includes a convention on the powers, jurisdiction and financing of the Assembly, the Court of Justice, and the Economic and Social Committee, common to the EEC and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom).

Diagram showing the operation and organisation of the institutions of the European Economic Community (EEC), as established by the Treaty signed in Rome on 25 March 1957 by the representatives of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).

On 25 March 1957, the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) sets out, in Annex I, the fields of nuclear research covered by the activities of the Euratom Commission.

Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) lists, in Annex II, the industrial sectors that are required to inform the Euratom Commission of investment projects relating to new installations and some replacements or conversions.

Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by the representatives of Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) lists, in Annex III, the advantages which may be conferred on Joint Undertakings whose activities are of major importance for the development of the nuclear industry in the Community.

Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) lists, in Annex IV, the goods and products to which the nuclear common market applies.

Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) establishes, in Annex V, the initial research and training programme that the Joint Research Centre will have to implement within five years of the entry into force of the Treaty.

Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) includes a Protocol on the application of the Euratom Treaty to the non-European parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) includes a Protocol — signed in Brussels on 17 April 1957 — which establishes the privileges and immunities of Euratom.

Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by the representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) includes a Protocol — signed in Brussels on 17 April 1957 — which establishes the status of the Judges and the Advocates General, the organisation and the procedure of the Court of Justice of Euratom.

Diagram showing the operation and the powers and responsibilities of the institutions of the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), as laid down by the Treaty signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome by representatives of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

Italian poster publicising the signing, on 25 March 1957, in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), portrayed as the foundation for peace and progress in Europe.

On 25 March 1957, Joseph Bech (centre, wearing a hat), Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minster, and Paul-Henri Spaak (left), Belgian Foreign Minister and President of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, arrive at the Capitol in Rome for the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, Gaetano Martino, Italian Foreign Minister, arrives at the Capitol in Rome for the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, Joseph Luns, Netherlands Foreign Minister, arrives in Rome for the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, the German Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, briefs journalists about the signing that same day by the representatives of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian Foreign Minister and President of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, arrives at the Capitol in Rome for the official signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 24 and 25 March 1957, the Protocol Department of the Italian Foreign Ministry presents to each member of the six national delegations and to observers participating in the official ceremonies held in Rome a presentation booklet to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, during the ceremony held in Rome to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian Foreign Minister and Chairman of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, delivers an address in which he emphasises the historic importance of the event and pays tribute to those who worked towards a united Europe before him.

On 25 March 1957, at the ceremony held in Rome to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian Foreign Minister and President of the Intergovernmental Conference for the Common Market and Euratom, delivers an address in which he emphasises the historic significance of the event and pays tribute, in particular, to those who worked before him towards a united Europe. In the Belgian Delegation, the following may be seen (from right to left): Pierre Staner, Joseph Van Der Meulen, Robert Rotschild, Albert Hupperts, Roger de Staercke together with Ernst Albrecht, Pierre Uri, Michel Gaudet, Hubert Ehring, Pierre Bourguignon, André Dubois, Christian Calmes and Giulio Guazzugli.

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, Paul-Henri Spaak (left), Belgian Foreign Minister and President of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, and Baron Jean Charles Snoy et d'Oppuers (right), Secretary-General of the Belgian Ministry of Economic Affairs, sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). Among the members of the Belgian Delegation can be seen (from left to right) Roger de Staercke, Albert Hupperts, Robert Rotschild, Joseph Van Der Meulen and Pierre Staner.

On 25 March 1957, during the ceremony held in Rome to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Christian Pineau, French Foreign Minister, delivers an address in which he calls for closer cooperation between the Six and the United Kingdom.

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, Christian Pineau, French Foreign Minster (left), and Maurice Faure, Junior Minister in the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (right), sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, during the ceremony held in Rome to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the German Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, delivers an address in which he outlines the historic importance of the new Treaties for the process of European integration.

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, the German Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer (left), and Walter Hallstein, Junior Minister in the Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) (right), sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, during the ceremony held in Rome to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Joseph Bech, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, delivers an address in which he acknowledges the historic importance of the new Treaties for the process of European integration.

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, Joseph Bech (left), Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, and Ambassador Lambert Schaus (right), Head of the Luxembourg Delegation to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, during the ceremony held in Rome to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Gaetano Martino, Italian Foreign Minister, delivers an address in which he praises the efforts made by his predecessors, Alcide De Gasperi and Carlo Sforza, towards achieving European integration.

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, Antonio Segni, President of the Italian Council (left), and his Foreign Minister, Gaetano Martino (right), sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, during the ceremony held in Rome to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Joseph Luns, Netherlands Foreign Minister, delivers an address in which he acknowledges the historic importance of this event for the six signatory States.

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, Joseph Luns (left), Netherlands Foreign Minister, and Johannes Linthorst Homan (right), Head of the Netherlands Delegation to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, the representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). The signatories are: Konrad Adenauer and Walter Hallstein (FRG), Paul-Henri Spaak and Baron Jean-Charles Snoy et d’Oppuers (Belgium), Christian Pineau and Maurice Faure (France), Antonio Segni and Gaetano Martino (Italy), Joseph Bech and Lambert Schaus (Luxembourg) and Joseph Luns and Johannes Linthorst Homan (Netherlands).

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, Joseph Bech, Luxembourg Foreign Minister, takes part in the ceremony held to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). The day before the ceremony, he makes the most of the opportunity to capture, with his own camera, this colour film of the ‘Eternal City’ and of the official reception organised by the Italian Government at the Quirinal Palace and at the Villa Madama in honour of the negotiators of and signatories to the Treaties.

On 25 March 1957, meeting in the Hall of the Horatii and Curiatii in the Capitol in Rome, the representatives of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). From left to right: Paul-Henri Spaak and Baron Jean-Charles Snoy et d’Oppuers (Belgium), Christian Pineau and Maurice Faure (France), Konrad Adenauer and Walter Hallstein (Federal Republic of Germany), Antonio Segni and Gaetano Martino (Italy), Joseph Bech and Lambert Schaus (Luxembourg), Joseph Luns and Johannes Linthorst-Homan (Netherlands).

On 25 March 1957, the plenipotentiaries of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) meet in the Hall of the Horatii and Curiatii in the Capitol in Rome to sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). Among the national delegations, the following may be seen (from left to right): Konrad Adenauer and Walter Hallstein (Federal Republic of Germany), Antonio Segni and Gaetano Martino (Italy), Joseph Bech and Lambert Schaus (Luxembourg), Joseph Luns and Johannes Linthorst Homan (Netherlands).

On 25 March 1957, the representatives of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) meet in the Hall of the Horatii and Curiatii in the Capitol in Rome to sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). Among the national delegations, the following may be seen (from left to right): Maurice Faure (France), Konrad Adenauer and Walter Hallstein (Federal Republic of Germany), Antonio Segni and Gaetano Martino (Italy) and Joseph Bech (Luxembourg).

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, representatives of Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). From left to right, Paul-Henri Spaak (Belgium), Maurice Faure (France), Walter Hallstein (Germany) and Joseph Bech (Luxembourg).

The final preparations for the printing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), in anticipation of the signing of the treaties on 25 March 1957 in Rome.

On 25 March 1957, in Rome, the plenipotentiaries of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 26 March 1957, the day after the signing of the Rome Treaties, Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian Foreign Minister and President of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, delivers an address at the seat of the Banco di Roma in which he outlines the development and the economic and political implications of the revival of European integration.

On 8 March 1957, the Luxembourg Communist daily newspaper Zeitung vum Lëtzeburger Vollek deplores the financial cost to the country, deemed to be exorbitant, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 26 March 1957, the Belgian daily newspaper Le Soir describes the proceedings at and the atmosphere of the ceremony, held in Rome the day before, to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), and emphasises, in particular, the tribute paid to the Belgian Foreign Minister, Paul-Henri Spaak.

In an article in published in the Luxemburger Wort the day after the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and Euratom by the Six in Rome on 25 March 1957, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Finance Minister, outlines the mechanisms for financing the Community institutions.

In late March 1957, Karel Paul van der Mandele, Head of the Rotterdam Chamber of Commerce, harshly criticises the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), particularly because of the concessions granted to France.

On 26 March 1957, commenting in the Dutch Catholic daily newspaper De Volkskrant on the signing, the previous day in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC), Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands, emphasises the possibilities offered by the Treaties while regretting that not all of the demands of the Netherlands Delegation were met.

On 26 March 1957, the day after the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) in Rome, the Luxembourg daily newspaper Luxemburger Wort publishes the address delivered by the Luxembourg diplomat, Lambert Schaus.

On 26 March 1957, the Belgian Communist daily newspaper Le Drapeau rouge describes the signing of the EEC and Euratom Treaties in Rome as a further step towards the division of Europe.

In an article published in the Belgian communist daily newspaper Le Drapeau rouge on 27 March 1957, economist Pierre Joye criticises the European Economic Community (EEC), which he believes symbolises the alliance of big business against European workers.

On 28 March 1957, the Belgian Socialist daily newspaper Le Peuple publishes an article by Jean Monnet, President of the Action Committee for the United States of Europe (ACUSE), which welcomes the signing, three days earlier in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 30 March 1957, reporting in the Party’s official daily newspaper Le Peuple on the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) in Rome on 25 March, Max Buset, Socialist MP for Thuin and Leader of the Belgian Socialist Party (PSB), welcomes the decisive steps recently taken by the Six towards a more unified Europe.

On 30 March 1957, the Luxembourg trade union newspaper Arbecht welcomes the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) and emphasises the role played by the trade unions in the establishment of the Common Market.

In April 1957, reporting on the signing, on 25 March in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Maurice Lambilliotte, former Economic Adviser to the Belgian Prime Minister, Paul-Henri Spaak, emphasises the continental and African role of a united Europe.

In April 1957, Marinus van der Goes van Naters, Dutch member of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), outlines the main aspects of the European Economic Community (EEC).

On 15 June 1957, from the platform of the 11th Economic Congress of the Benelux countries, held in Maastricht, Lambert Schaus, Luxembourg Ambassador to Belgium and Head of the Luxembourg Delegation to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, outlines the role and the position of the Benelux countries in the future European Economic Community (EEC).

At the conference held from 25 to 28 March 1987 in Rome to mark the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Count Jean-Charles Snoy et d’Oppuers, former Secretary-General of the Belgian Ministry of Economic Affairs and former Head of the Belgian Delegation to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, outlines the measures that had to be taken in early March 1957 in order to overcome the reservations of King Baudouin and of the Prime Minister, Achille Van Acker, and to encourage them to approve the signing of the Rome Treaties by Belgium.

On 21 February 1957, in Bonn, Heinrich von Brentano, Foreign Minister of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), holds a press conference at which he outlines the implications for the future of Europe of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) signed by the Six on 25 March 1957 in Rome.

On 21 March 1957, four days before the signing, in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Walter Hallstein, State Secretary at the German Foreign Office, outlines to the Bundestag the benefits for the Federal Republic of Germany of the new Treaties, which represent a political compromise between the Six.

On 21 March 1957, four days before the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) in Rome, Ludwig Erhard, German Minister for Economic Affairs, informs the Bundestag of his support for a common market in Europe, while criticising the Treaties drafted by the Six at the Château de Val Duchesse during the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom.

On 24 March, on the eve of the signing in Rome of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the East German newspaper Neues Deutschland portrays the Common Market as a customs pact which consolidates the division of Europe and of Germany.

On 26 March 1957, Gustav René Hocke, special correspondent for the German daily newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung, comments on the proceedings at the ceremony, held the previous day in Rome, to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 27 March 1957, commenting on the signing two days earlier in Rome of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the German economic daily newspaper Handelsblatt reviews the challenges posed by the implementation of the Common Market.

On 27 March 1957, two days after the signing in Rome of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the leader-writer in the German weekly magazine Der Speigel makes a critical assessment of the new Treaties which, in his opinion, put the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) at a disadvantage and favour France.

On 29 March 1957, the Bulletin of the Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) emphasises the economic and political importance of the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 6 April 1957, Walter Hallstein, State Secretary at the Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), delivers an address at the University of Stuttgart in which he gives an account of the successive stages of European integration, emphasising certain aspects of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), signed 12 days earlier in Rome.

In October 1957, Otto Brenner, President of the West German Metalworkers’ Union and member of the Action Committee for a United States of Europe (ACUSE), analyses the trade unions’ position on the Rome Treaties. He emphasises the dangers of concentrating the means of production and the need for trade unions to be represented in all the institutions provided for by the new Treaties in order to avoid social costs being unfairly allocated between unions and management.

On 8 December 1957, in an article published in the French daily newspaper Le Monde, Otto Brenner, leader of the West German Metalworkers’ Union and Member of the Action Committee for the United States of Europe (ACUSE), criticises the lack of representation of trade union organisations in the institutions of the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In 1957, Karl Albrecht, Head of the Düsseldorf Chamber of Commerce and Industry, summarises the reactions of West German economic circles with regard to the European Economic Community (EEC) and emphasises the social responsibilities of employers in the future Common Market.

In June 1957, Heinrich von Brentano, Foreign Minister of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), expresses his satisfaction at the results of the revival of European integration and reaffirms his country’s commitment to Europe.

‘Cast off for adventure: “Full ahead both!”’ In 1958, despite the signing, on 25 March 1957 in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the German cartoonist, Herbert Kolfhaus, expresses his pessimism at the rapidity of the European integration process.

In 1958, in the Annuaire Européen, Carl Friedrich Ophüls, Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and former Head of the German Delegation to the Intergovernmental Committee established by the Messina Conference, then to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, assesses the progress of European revival and the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 23 March 1957, the French Communist daily newspaper L’Humanité deplores the inherent dangers of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) and emphasises the threat posed by a revival of Germany’s industrial and military strength.

In March 1957, the French monthly journal La Revue Socialiste publishes a detailed article on the compatibility of the European Economic Community (EEC) with Socialist principles.

On 25 March 1957, commenting on the signing, the same day in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the French Communist daily newspaper L’Humanité lists the dangers resulting from the new European Treaties.

On 26 March 1957, the day after the signing of the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), the French daily newspaper Le Monde considers the implications of the establishment of the European Common Market and Euratom by the Treaties signed the previous day in Rome by the Foreign Ministers of the Six.

‘Common Market or village fête.’ On 29 March 1957, commenting in the French daily newspaper Combat on the signing in Rome of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the cartoonist Pinatel portrays the French people’s doubts about the implications of the Common Market.

‘Germany/France: Standard of living.’ On 29 March 1957, the day after the signing in Rome of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), the French Communist daily newspaper L’Humanité portrays social harmonisation within the Common Market as a measure which will bring down the standard of living of the French working class to the lowest common level.

On 4 April 1957, Force Ouvrière, the trade union weekly publication of the General Confederation of Labour-Workers’ Force (CGT-FO), illustrates the importance of the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) for the six signatory countries.

In June 1957, Jacques Tessier, Secretary-General of the Federation of Christian Trade Unions and member of the Executive Committee of the French Section of the European Movement, outlines the criticisms levelled at the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) and tries to reply to them.

In 1957, the French Federation of the Cotton Industry considers the substance and the scope of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC).

On 8 July 1957, the front page of the French satirical newspaper Le Canard Enchaîné illustrates the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) and of the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

At the conference held from 25 to 28 March 1987 in Rome to mark the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Pierre Uri, former Director of the ‘General Economy’ Department of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), outlines the reaction of French employers towards European revival and those of Pierre Mendès France in 1957 during the ratification of the Rome Treaties.

In this interview, Jean François-Poncet, former Secretary-General of the French Delegation to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, discusses the reservations held in industrial circles as well as the hopes entertained in the French agricultural sector concerning the proposed European Economic Community (EEC).

On 6 March 1957, the Milan daily newspaper Il nuovo Corriere della Sera analyses the likely effects of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) on trade between Western Europe and the rest of the world.

On 23 March 1957, two days before the signing in Rome of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the Italian Communist daily newspaper L’Unità criticises the new European treaties and tries to show that these treaties do not enjoy unanimous support among the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).

On 24 March 1957, the Italian Communist daily newspaper L’Unità criticises the process of European integration and sets out the position of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) on the European Economic Community (EEC).

On 25 March 1957, in the Italian daily newspaper Il nuovo Corriere della Sera, the Italian economist Libero Lenti describes the implications, particularly for Italian trade, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) signed that day in Rome by the representatives of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).

In March 1957, Paolo Emilio Taviani, Italian Defence Minister, summarises the efforts made to achieve European integration in connection with the signing in Rome of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) and emphasises the importance of transatlantic relations and the role to be played by Christians in the political unification of Europe.

On 31 March 1957, Antonio Segni, President of the Italian Council and, acting in that capacity, signatory, one week earlier in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), delivers an address at the Adriano Theatre in Rome in which he focuses on the successive stages of European integration.

In this interview, Pasquale Antonio Baldocci, former diplomat in the Treaties Department of the Italian Foreign Ministry, refers to the symbolic significance of the Capitol in Rome for the ceremony held to mark the signing, on 25 March 1957, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) following the Val Duchesse negotiations on European revival.

In this interview, Pasquale Antonio Baldocci, former diplomat in the Treaties Department of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, recalls the hostility of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and of some Italian Socialists towards the process of European integration in the 1950s and 1960s.

In this interview, Pasquale Antonio Baldocci, former diplomat in the Treaties Department of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, comments on the attitude of the Vatican authorities and Italian public opinion towards the European integration process.

On 26 March 1957, commenting on the signing, the previous day in Rome, of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), the daily newspaper The Manchester Guardian analyses the issues involved in the establishment of the Common Market and speculates on the United Kingdom’s participation in a European customs union.

On 30 March 1957, commenting on the signing, five days earlier in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), the London weekly political magazine The New Statesman and Nation expresses its doubts about the supposed benefits of the Common Market.

In May 1957, the French monthly newspaper Le Monde Diplomatique publishes an interview with Sir Cecil Weir, businessman and former British Ambassador to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), on the British position regarding the European Economic Community (EEC).

In 1967, ten years after the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) on 25 March 1957 in Rome, Joseph Bech, former Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, recalls the implications and the mindset at the time when they were signed.

Dans ses Mémoires, l'ancien chancelier allemand Konrad Adenauer rappelle le caractère historique de la signature, le 25 mars 1957 à Rome, des traités instituant la Communauté économique européenne (CEE) et la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique (CEEA ou Euratom).

In his memoirs, Alfred Müller-Armack, former member of the German Delegation to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, recalls the ceremony, held in Rome on 25 March 1957, to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In March 1983, Jean Rey, former Belgian Minister for Economic Affairs, gives an interview to the journalist Jean-Claude Ricquier in which he outlines the origins of his European commitment and the political conflicts in the Belgian Government before the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) in Rome on 25 March 1957.

In his memoirs, Baron Jean-Charles Snoy et d’Oppuers, former Secretary-General of the Belgian Ministry of Economic Affairs and former Head of the Belgian Delegation to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, recalls the atmosphere during the signing, on 25 March 1957 in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In his memoirs, Pierre Uri, former Economic and Financial Adviser to Jean Monnet at the French National Planning Board in Paris and subsequently Director at the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), recalls the challenges that had to be overcome during the drafting of the Spaak Report, which formed the basis of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

At the conference held in Rome from 25 to 28 March 1987 to mark the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Pierre Uri, former Head of the Economic Affairs Division of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), considers the economic and institutional philosophy underpinning the Rome Treaties.

In this interview, Pierre Pescatore, former legal adviser to the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry and member of the Drafting Committee at the 1956–57 Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, recalls the final legal and formal preparations for the ceremony to mark the signing by the Six, on 25 March 1957, in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In this interview, Hubert Ehring, former Director of the Legal Service of the Secretariat of the Special Council of Ministers of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and member of the Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, discusses the formal signing by the Six, on 25 March 1957 in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In this interview, Charles Rutten, former Secretary of the Netherlands Delegation to the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, recalls the ceremony held to mark the signing, on 25 March 1957 in Rome, of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In this interview, André Dubois, former member of the Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, recalls the ceremony, held on 25 March 1957 in Rome, to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In this interview, Albert Breuer, former official in the Secretariat of the Special Council of Ministers of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), responsible, in particular, for the practical arrangements for the ceremony to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), describes the eventful journey of the train transporting the equipment required for the signing of the Treaties on 25 March 1957 in Rome.

In this interview, Albert Breuer, former official at the Secretariat of the Special Council of Ministers of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), responsible, in particular, for the practical arrangements for the ceremony to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), recalls the difficulties encountered in installing the necessary equipment and the problems arising from protocol priorities during the preparations for the ceremony, held on 25 March 1957 in Rome, to mark the signing of the Treaties.

In this interview, Albert Breuer, former official in the Secretariat of the Special Council of Ministers of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), responsible, in particular, for the practical arrangements for the ceremony to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), recalls the difficulties inherent in the finalisation of the Treaties before their ceremonial signing, held on 25 March 1957 in Rome.

In this interview, Albert Breuer, former official in the Secretariat of the Special Council of Ministers of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), responsible, in particular, for the practical arrangements for the ceremony, held on 25 March 1957, in Rome, to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), recalls what he remembers of the event.

In this interview, Pasquale Antonio Baldocci, former diplomat in the Treaties Department of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, refers to the ceremony held to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) on 25 March 1957 in Rome.

In this interview, Pasquale Antonio Baldocci, former diplomat in the Treaties Department of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, recalls the personality of Gaetano Martino, former Italian Foreign Minister, and how his actions contributed to the revival of the European integration process in the mid-1950s.

In April 1987, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Rome Treaties, Albert Breuer, former Luxembourg official in the Secretariat of the Special Council of Ministers of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), recalls the last-minute logistical problems which arose before the signing in the Capitol of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In April 1987, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Rome Treaties, Joseph Kasel, former Head of the International Treaties Department in the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry, recalls the atmosphere and the last-minute difficulties encountered at the ceremony held on 25 March 1957 at the Capitol to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In April 1987, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Rome Treaties, Emmanuele Gazzo, founder and Director of Agence Europe, recalls the atmosphere prevailing at the ceremony held on 25 March 1957 at the Capitol to mark the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

On 25 March 2007, to mark the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), Luxembourg television broadcasts this documentary in which Pierre Pescatore, former Legal Adviser at the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry and member of the Drafting Group at the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom, gives his assessment of the European integration process and identifies future prospects.