In its judgment of 5 October 2004, in Joined Cases C-397/01 to C-403/01, Pfeiffer and Others, the Court of Justice concludes that, when hearing a case between individuals, a national court is required, when applying the provisions of domestic law adopted for the purpose of transposing obligations laid down by a directive, to consider the whole body of rules of national law and to interpret them, so far as possible, in the light of the wording and purpose of the directive in order to achieve an outcome consistent with the objective pursued by the directive.