On 21 December 1993, in an address to the Belgian Section of the European League for Economic Cooperation (ELEC), Jean-Jacques Rey, Director of the National Bank of Belgium (BNB), gives a progress report on Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on the eve of the transition to the second stage, scheduled for 1 January 1994.

On 16 December 1995, the Madrid European Council adopts a road map for the introduction of the single currency and decides that ‘euro’ will be the name of the currency on which Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) will be based, the third stage of which is to begin on 1 January 1999.

On 16 December 1995, the French President, Jacques Chirac, holds a press conference at which he summarises the results achieved at the end of the Madrid European Council.

On 15 December 1995, commenting on the opening of the Madrid European Council, the German daily newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung outlines the issues to be addressed at the meeting of the Heads of State or Government of the Fifteen.

On 16 December 1995, in the British daily newspaper The Guardian, Dick Spring, Irish Foreign Minister, comments on the decisions taken by the Fifteen at the Madrid European Council and considers the negative repercussions for his country of a refusal by the United Kingdom to participate in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

On 19 December 1995, commenting on the outcome of the Madrid European Council, the French daily newspaper Le Monde analyses the difficulties associated with the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

On 22 January 1996, Jacques Santer, President of the European Commission, delivers an address, at the Round Table in Brussels on the launch of the single currency, in which he expresses his confidence in the capabilities of the public and private economic and social operators to make the introduction and entry into circulation of the euro a success.

On 12 April 1996, commenting on the negotiations on Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the German daily newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung outlines the possible scenarios for the adoption of a European exchange rate system.

Le 25 septembre 1996, le quotidien madrilène El País commente le consensus arraché le 21 septembre à Dublin par les ministres des Finances des Quinze en matière d'Union économique et monétaire (UEM).

On 27 September 1996, the German weekly newspaper Die Zeit comments on the meeting held on 21 September in Dublin between the Finance Ministers of the Member States of the European Union (EU) and paints a critical picture of the economic situation in the EU.

In November 1996, the French monthly newspaper Le Monde Diplomatique comments on the preparations for Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and harshly criticises the German authorities for seeking to impose their economic and monetary views on their European Union partners.

At the end of the Dublin European Council of 13 and 14 December 1996, the Fifteen adopt various measures relating, in particular, to the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and budgetary discipline, to fighting unemployment and to the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) responsible for the revision of the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaties establishing the European Communities to enable the European Union to confront the new challenges that it faces.

On 14 December 1996, at the end of the Dublin European Council, Yves-Thibault de Silguy, European Commissioner with special responsibility for Economic, Financial and Monetary Affairs, as well as credit, investment and Eurostat, presents the specimen logo and euro banknotes to the press.

On 26 May 1997, Ferdinando Riccardi, Editor-in-Chief of Agence Europe in Brussels, welcomes the positive signs regarding the transition to the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 1999 and the introduction of the euro.

On 14 December 1995, on the eve of the Madrid European Council, the German daily newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung outlines the efforts made by the German Chancellor, Helmut Kohl, and his Finance Minister, Theo Waigel, with a view to the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in Europe.

On 16 December 1996, commenting on the Dublin European Council held on 13 and 14 December, the German daily newspaper Die Welt welcomes the role of mediator played by Jean-Claude Juncker, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Finance Minister, during the debates between the Fifteen on the Stability and Growth Pact and on the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

In 1997, in an article published in the German weekly newspaper Die Zeit, Helmut Schmidt, former Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), outlines the economic and political implications of the single European currency, on which he places great importance.

In 1998, Max Baehring, President of the Danish Metalworkers’ Union, expresses his support for Denmark’s participation in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

In 1998, Kjell-Olof Feldt, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden’s central bank, sets out the arguments in favour of his country’s participation in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

In 1998, Erling Olsen, Speaker of the Danish Parliament (Folketing), sets out his ideas on relations between Denmark and Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

Protocol (No 19) annexed to the Treaty establishing the European Community by the Treaty on European Union of 7 February 1992.

This booklet, published in 1997, outlines, in particular, the successive stages of the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) as well as the powers, organisation and operation of the European Monetary Institute (EMI).

On 10 January 1994, commenting on the first working session of the Council of the European Monetary Institute (EMI), the German daily newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung outlines the EMI’s powers.

On 12 January 1994, commenting on the inauguration of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) in Frankfurt, the French daily newspaper Le Monde outlines the Institute’s missions and powers in light of the transition to the second stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 1994.

On 15 February 1996, Baron Alexandre Lamfalussy, President of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) in Frankfurt, delivers an address to the Paris Institute of Banking and Financial Studies in which he outlines, in particular, the role of the EMI in the preparations for the establishment of the future European Central Bank (ECB) and in the introduction of the single European currency.

On 22 September 1997, at the International Banking Seminar in Hong Kong, Wim Duisenberg, President of the European Monetary Institute (EMI), delivers an address in which he outlines the tasks and the role of the EMI in the implementation of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) with respect to the preparations for Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and to the introduction of the euro.

In this interview, Alexandre Lamfalussy, General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) from 1985 to 1993 and President of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) from 1994 to 1997, describes the aims, the establishment and the working methods of the EMI.

In this interview, Alexandre Lamfalussy, General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) from 1985 to 1993 and President of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) from 1994 to 1997, describes the main decisions taken during his term as President of the EMI, particularly the monetary policy instruments and preparations for a European monetary policy strategy.

The Eurotower, in Frankfurt-am-Main, was the home of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) from 1 January 1994 before becoming the seat of the European Central Bank (ECB) on 30 June 1998.

On 31 May 1995, Yves-Thibault de Silguy, European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Monetary Matters, Credit and Investments and the Statistical Office, holds a press conference in Brussels during which he outlines the advantages of the European single currency and sets out the schedule for the establishment in stages of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

On 16 December 1995, the Madrid European Council adopts a road map for the introduction of the single currency and decides that ‘euro’ will be the name of the currency on which Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) will be based, the third stage of which is to begin on 1 January 1999.

On 14 November 1996, Jacques Santer, President of the European Commission, announces the introduction and entry into circulation of the euro and outlines the economic, monetary and political advantages of the single currency for the European Union members of the euro zone.

On 14 November 1996, Yves-Thibault de Silguy, Member of the European Commission with special responsibility for economic and financial affairs, monetary matters, loans and investment and the Statistical Office, draws up a list of advantages of the euro and outlines the Commission’s communication strategy for informing European citizens about the various stages in the transition to the single currency.

On 26 May 1997, Ferdinando Riccardi, Editor-in-Chief of Agence Europe in Brussels, welcomes the positive signs regarding the transition to the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 1999 and the introduction of the euro.

On 22 January 1996, Jacques Santer, President of the European Commission, delivers an address, at the Round Table in Brussels on the launch of the single currency, in which he expresses his confidence in the capabilities of the public and private economic and social operators to make the introduction and entry into circulation of the euro a success.