On 10 October 1990, with a view to the establishment of an Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the European Parliament adopts a resolution in which it confers on participants at the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) the task of analysing the amendments that should be made to the Treaty of Rome.

In its conclusions adopted on 15 December 1990, the Rome European Council provides the context for the holding of two Intergovernmental Conferences (IGC) on Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and on Political Union, officially opening in Rome on the same date.

Group photo at the Rome European Council held on 14 and 15 December 1990, which sets out in its conclusions the framework within which the two Intergovernmental Conferences (IGCs) on Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and Political Union will be conducted.

Le 15 décembre 1990, Guido Carli, ministre italien du Trésor, ouvre solennellement à Rome la Conférence intergouvernementale (CIG) sur l'Union économique et monétaire (UEM).

On 18 June 1991, the Luxembourg Council Presidency presents a draft Treaty on European Union, drawn up on the basis of the proceedings at the two intergovernmental conferences on Political Union and Economic and Monetary Union, which began on 15 December 1990 in Rome. This draft, which proposes the establishment of three pillars for the Union, is to be the basis for negotiations within the two conferences that will lead to the adoption of the Treaty of Maastricht on 7 February 1992.

Group photo of the European Council held on 28 and 29 June 1991 in the Kirchberg Conference Centre, Luxembourg.

On 9 and 10 December 1991, the Heads of State or Government of the Twelve meet as the European Council in Maastricht in order to seek agreement on the Treaty on European Union.

Gruppenphoto der Staats- und Regierungschefs der Zwölf auf dem Europäischen Rat von Maastricht am 9. und 10. Dezember 1991. Sie suchen vor allem nach einer Einigung über den Vertrag über die Europäische Union.

„Maastrichter Freibad: ,Mir nach!‘– ,Sag uns, ob Wasser im Becken ist!‘“. Am 9. Dezember 1991, am Vorabend der Tagung des Europäischen Rates in Maastricht witzelt der Karikaturist Horst Haitzinger über den Einsatz des deutschen Bundeskanzlers Helmut Kohl („Mir nach!“) für die Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion (WWU) und den Vertrag über die Europäische Union. Der französische Staatspräsident François Mitterrand scheint als zweiter in der Reihe den Sprung nicht recht wagen zu wollen („Sag uns, ob Wasser im Becken ist“), während der britische Premierminister John Major im Begriff ist, den Sprungturm zu verlassen.

Am 10. Dezember 1991 gibt der niederländische Ministerpräsident und amtierende Vorsitzende im Rat der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Ruud Lubbers nach dem Europäischen Gipfel von Maastricht eine Pressekonferenz, auf der er versichert, dass die einheitliche europäische Währung noch vor Ende des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts realisiert werden wird.

On 12 December 1991, commenting in the French daily newspaper Le Figaro on the outcome of the Maastricht European Council held on 9 and 10 December, Thierry de Montbrial, Director of the French Institute for International Relations (IFRI), emphasises the need to implement quickly the decisions adopted by the Twelve, in particular in the areas of monetary policy and defence.

‘The Euro-bicycle: no sooner sat on it than the cyclist notices that he is riding uphill …’ On 14 December 1991, the German cartoonist, Ernst Maria Lang, takes an ironic look at the efforts made by the German Government to establish Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). In their enthusiasm, the German Chancellor, Helmut Kohl (left), Theo Waigel, German Finance Minister (centre), and Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs (right), seem not to have realised that the rear wheel (social policy and security) is too small compared with the front wheel of monetary union.

‘Major! Is it too much trouble to ask you smile?’ In December 1991, the French cartoonist, Plantu, illustrates the intransigence of the United Kingdom at the Maastricht European Council held on 9 and 10 December, with particular regard to monetary and social policy.