On 26 July 1960, an internal report by the Luxembourg Government emphasises the importance of the merger of the executive bodies of the three European Communities.

On 27 January 1964, Pierre Werner, Minister without portfolio and leader of the Luxembourg Government, issues a statement on the problem of merging the European executives and on its implications for Luxembourg.

On 22 February 1965, the Belgian daily newspaper Le Soir outlines the implications for the city of Luxembourg, as the seat of several Community institutions, of the future Treaty merging the executive bodies of the European Communities.

On 31 March 1965, in anticipation of the signing of the Treaty establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European Communities, the Luxembourg Government publishes a report on the merger of the European executive bodies.

Decision of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States on the provisional location of certain institutions and departments of the Communities. In a meeting held on 8 April 1965 in Brussels, the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States decided provisionally to locate the institutions and other bodies of the European Communities in Strasbourg, Brussels and Luxembourg.

On 8 April 1965, in Brussels, Pierre Werner (right), Luxembourg Prime Minister, accompanied by Albert Borschette (left), Luxembourg Permanent Representative to the European Communities, signs the Treaty merging the Executives (a Single Council and a Single Commission) of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

In a speech delivered in 1966, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister, refers to the merging of the executives and the location of certain institutions in Luxembourg.

On 21 October 1966, Pierre Werner, Prime Minister of Luxembourg, outlines to his compatriots the scope of the Treaty which provides for the merging the executive bodies of the three European Communities after it had been ratified by the Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies.

Diagram illustrating the merger of the executives that resulted from the entry into force on 1 July 1967 of the Treaty of 8 April 1965 establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European Communities.

On 6 July 1965, Pierre Pescatore, Secretary-General of the Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign Affairs, sends a note to the Luxembourg diplomatic missions in Europe in which he sets out the position adopted by Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, in relation to the empty chair crisis and the political means by which it may be overcome.

On 12 July 1965, the German Foreign Office publishes the transcript of a telephone conversation held that day between Gerhard Schröder, German Foreign Minister, and Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, in order to review together the positions of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and Luxembourg on the empty chair crisis and the political means by which it can be overcome.

On 30 September 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Belgian Chamber of Commerce in New York in which he expresses, in particular, his faith in Luxembourg's future in Europe and outlines the principles which form the basis of a solution to the empty chair crisis.

On 10 November 1965, Nicolas Hommel, Luxembourg Ambassador to France, sends a note to Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, in which he explains the arguments put forward by France to justify its empty chair policy.

On 12 November 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, informs the Belgian Foreign Minister, Paul-Henri Spaak, of the guiding principles of the Luxembourg Government regarding some of the issues raised by the empty chair crisis.

On 6 January 1966, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies in which he outlines, in particular, the causes of the empty chair crisis and sets out the position adopted by his country in order to overcome the political and institutional tensions which have divided France and its European Community partners since 30 June 1965.

On 19 January 1966, the German daily newspaper the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung comments on the debates between the representatives of the Six during the first extraordinary Council in Luxembourg which seeks to put an end to the empty chair crisis.

On 20 January 1966, in Strasbourg, taking part in an exchange of views between the Community institutions on the empty chair crisis, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Foreign Minister and President-in-Office of the Council of Ministers of the European Communities, outlines the nature of the activities of the Council and the Communities since 30 June 1965, with particular regard to tariffs and agriculture. He then gives an account of the efforts made in Luxembourg on 17 and 18 January, by the Foreign Ministers of the Six, to resolve the crisis.

On 29 January 1966, after an extraordinary meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Six in Luxembourg, chaired by Pierre Werner, a press release is issued on the decisions taken on future relations between the Council and the European Commission with a view to bringing an end to the empty chair crisis which has paralysed Community operations since the breakdown of negotiations on the night of 30 June 1965.

On 29 January 1966, following the extraordinary meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Six in Luxembourg, the Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Pierre Werner, describes the impact of the political compromise that put an end to the empty chair crisis which, for six months, had seen France boycotting intergovernmental meetings of Community bodies in Brussels.

On 31 January 1966, the daily newspaper Luxemburger Wort comments on the impact of the institutional compromise reached in Luxembourg on 29 January 1966, ending the empty chair crisis.

On 31 January 1966, the British daily newspaper The Guardian does not pull any punches with regard to the impact of the Luxembourg Compromise.

In his memoirs, Pierre Werner, former Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, discusses the empty chair crisis of 1965–1966.

In his memoirs, Pierre Werner, former Prime Minister of Luxembourg, recalls the course of the negotiations which, in January 1966, led to the Luxembourg institutional compromise that enabled the empty chair crisis to be brought to an end.

In this interview, Pierre Pescatore, former Secretary-General of the Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign Affairs, outlines Luxembourg's position on the empty chair crisis and defines the nature and the political implications of the Luxembourg Compromise.

In this interview, Charles Rutten, former Permanent Representative of the Netherlands to the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC), discusses the course and the political implications of the ‘empty chair’ crisis.

In this interview, Étienne Davignon, Head of Cabinet of the Belgian Foreign Minister, Paul-Henri Spaak, from 1964 to 1966, considers at length the negotiations between the Member States of the European Communities that led to the ‘Luxembourg Compromise’ on 29 January 1966, which put an end to the empty chair crisis that had begun on 30 June 1965.

In this interview, Guy de Muyser, diplomat in the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry from 1956 to 1969 and from 1980 to 1991, looks back on the negotiations associated with the seat of the Court of Justice of the European Communities in Luxembourg and the constant involvement of Pierre Werner, Minister of State and President of the Luxembourg Government from 1959 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1984, to make Luxembourg a permanent seat of the European institutions.

On 4 February 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, grants an interview to the Belgian daily newspaper Le Soir in which he outlines Luxembourg’s current and future priorities with regard to the merger of the Community’s executive bodies and the relocation to Brussels of certain departments currently based in Luxembourg.

On 24 February 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Chamber of Deputies in which he sets out the position of the Luxembourg Government on the main European and international issues.

On 7 May 1965, on the 15th anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and President of the Government, underlines the historic significance of the French Foreign Minister’s proposal, and emphasises the duty and the need to pursue his work.

On 30 September 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Foreign Minister, sets out Luxembourg’s position within the European Community to the Belgian Chamber of Commerce in New York.

On 23 February 1966, the Luxemburg Ambassador to Brussels sends a note to the Luxembourg Foreign Minister, Pierre Werner, in which he informs him of the position of the Belgian Foreign Minister, Paul-Henri Spaak, on the possibility of a revival in political consultations between the Six, in the presence of the United Kingdom.

On 28 June 1966, in his capacity as President-in-Office of the Council of the European Communities, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Foreign Minister, outlines to the European Parliament the activities undertaken by the Council during this term of office.

On 18 November 1966, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Chamber of Deputies in which he sets out the Luxembourg Government’s position on the main European and international issues.

Address given by Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Finance Minister, at the inauguration of the new premises of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange on 16 October 1969.

In October and November 1969, La Gazette de Lausanne publishes a special report on the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and interviews Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Finance Minister, on the subject of the country as an international financial centre.

On 24 February 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Chamber of Deputies in which he sets out the position of the Luxembourg Government on the main European and international issues.

On 7 May 1965, on the 15th anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and President of the Government, underlines the historic significance of the French Foreign Minister’s proposal, and emphasises the duty and the need to pursue his work.

On 30 September 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Foreign Minister, sets out Luxembourg’s position within the European Community to the Belgian Chamber of Commerce in New York.

On 28 June 1966, in his capacity as President-in-Office of the Council of the European Communities, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Foreign Minister, outlines to the European Parliament the activities undertaken by the Council during this term of office.

On 18 November 1966, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Chamber of Deputies in which he sets out the Luxembourg Government’s position on the main European and international issues.

Address given by Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Finance Minister, at the inauguration of the new premises of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange on 16 October 1969.

In October and November 1969, La Gazette de Lausanne publishes a special report on the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and interviews Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Finance Minister, on the subject of the country as an international financial centre.

In December 1939, Pierre Werner publishes an article in the journal of the Luxembourg Association of Catholic University Students, Academia. He examines the contribution that economics can make to intellectual life and to the national economy.

At the invitation of the Lower Rhine Chamber of Commerce, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State, President of the Government and Finance Minister, gives a lecture on 21 November 1960 in Strasbourg entitled The contribution of European finance and currencies to economic integration and continental solidarity, in which he sets out the possible ways in which currency and finance might stimulate a movement towards economic integration, and the laws that should govern such a process.

On 27 November 1962, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State, President of the Government and Finance Minister, gives an address in Brussels to the members of the Association des amitiés belgo-luxembourgeoises in which he sets out his ideas on financial integration in Europe.

On 24 October 1966, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and President of the Government, gives an address at the ceremony held in Luxembourg City for the inauguration of the Robert Schuman Monument, the Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge and the administrative building for the European institutions.

On 26 January 1968, Pierre Werner, Minister of State and President of the Luxembourg Government, gives an address in Saarbrücken at the CDU economic congress entitled ‘The outlook for European financial and monetary policy’. In this address, he sets out a ‘five-point action plan’ for European monetary integration based on the creation of a European unit of account, fixed exchange rates between European currencies, consultation, and internal and external solidarity between the Member States of the European Communities. He also raises the idea of a monetary cooperation fund.

On 28 January 1968, the daily newspaper L’Agence économique et financière comments on the study by Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Finance Minister, entitled ‘Prospects for a European financial and monetary policy’.

On 2 February 1968, Louis Camu, President of the Bank of Brussels, congratulates Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Finance Minister, on his presentation entitled ‘Prospects for a European financial and monetary policy’ given on 16 January 1968 at the CDU Economic Congress in Saarbrücken.

Commenting on the completion of the customs union between the Six, due to take place on 1 July 1968, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and President of the Government, gives an address to the Benelux Committee, meeting on 1 April 1968 in The Hague, in which he outlines the prospects of European financial policy for the Benelux.

In the October 1968 issue of the monthly publication Communauté européenne, the French journalist, Jean Lecerf, compares the Werner Plan with the plan proposed by the Action Committee for the United States of Europe (ACUSE), both of which call on the Six to adopt a single currency.

In June 1969, Pierre Werner, Prime Minister and Finance Minister of Luxembourg, announces his ideas on the European Communities’ monetary policy in Nieuw Europa, the monthly bulletin of the Dutch Section of the European Movement.

On 2 October 1969, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and Finance Minister, gives an address at the Annual Meeting of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in his capacity as Governor of the IMF for Luxembourg.

On 11 November 1969, as the draft state budget for the 1970 financial year is presented to the Chamber of Deputies, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State, President of the Government and Finance Minister, gives an address on the short- and medium-term programmes and projections, the economic and financial climate, currency, savings and credit.

On 28 February 1970, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State, President of the Government and Finance Minister, submits a new version of the text entitled The outlook for European financial and monetary policy, originally published in January 1968. In this new version, he proposes a five-point action plan for the achievement by stages of economic and monetary union. This document is known as the Luxembourg plan for monetary integration, or the first Werner Plan.

On 18 March 1971, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Finance Minister and Minister of State, gives an address in Munich in which he emphasises the need to establish a European economic and monetary union and outlines the prospects for success of such a union.

On 30 September 1971, Pierre Werner, Governor of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for Luxembourg, gives an address at the Annual Meeting of the IMF Governors in Washington.

On 1 October 1971, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Finance Minister and Minister of State, gives a lecture at the University of Liège in which he outlines the introduction of the first stage of European economic and monetary union and analyses the crisis facing Europe.

On 16 October 1971, the Association of Friends of President Robert Schuman presents Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Minister of State and President of the Government, with a gold medal struck with the profile of Robert Schuman, to mark his contribution to the European integration process.

On 28 January 1971, at the first World Economic Forum in Davos, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Minister of State, sets out his vision on the establishment of economic and monetary union as a step towards a political Europe.

On 3 February 1972, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Minister of State, gives an address at the University of Paris on the circulation of productive capital in Europe.

On 11 February 1972, at a meeting of the European Movement Luxembourg, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Finance Minister and Minister of State, sets out his vision of the establishment of economic and monetary union as a step towards a political Europe.

On 11 May 1972, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Finance Minister and Minister of State, gives an address to the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe in which he outlines the various stages for a European economic and monetary union.

On 12 November 1973, at the Atlantic Institute for International Affairs in Paris, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Minister of State, gives an address on European monetary union, the dollar and international reform.

On 30 October 1974, in the midst of the energy crisis, inflation and international monetary chaos, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Minister of State, gives an address to the Chamber of Deputies in which he expresses the Luxembourg Government’s concern at the possible repercussions of the crisis on the economic and monetary integration process.

In 1980, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister, gives a presentation to the Royal Institute for International Relations in Brussels entitled From the Werner Plan to the European Monetary System (EMS).

On 4 June 1983, the Luxembourg Prime Minister, Pierre Werner, gives an address at the 25th Congress of the Association Cambiste Internationale (ACI — the Financial Markets Association) on Luxembourg in the international financial environment.