Der Zusammenbruch des Systems von Bretton Woods
Der Zusammenbruch des Systems von Bretton Woods
Der Zusammenbruch des Systems von Bretton Woods
Erklärung von Willy Brandt im Fernsehen (9. Mai 1971)
TextAm 9. Mai 1971 erklärt Bundeskanzler Willy Brandt, bei einem Fernsehauftritt, die Gründe die die Bundesregierung zur Freigabe des Wechselkurses der Deutschmark zwingen.
Statement made by Valery Giscard d'Estaing to the French National Assembly (12 May 1971)
TextOn 12 May 1971, in a statement to the French National Assembly, the French Economy and Finance Minister and President-in-Office of the Ecofin Council, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, reveals the measures proposed by France to combat the European monetary crisis.
The EEC faces up to the monetary crisis (20 July 1971)
ImageOn 20 July 1971, less than a month before the unilateral decision by the United States to suspend the convertibility of the dollar into gold, the Council of Finance Ministers of the Six debates possibilities for resolving the international monetary crisis. Mario Ferrari Aggradi (left), Italian Treasury Minister, meets Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French Economy and Finance Minister and President-in-Office of the Ecofin Council.
Richard Nixon
ImageOn 15 August 1971, US President, Richard Nixon, passes the death sentence on the Bretton Woods international monetary system, by unilaterally suspending the convertibility of the dollar into gold.
'US leaders seem resigned to dollar devaluation', from Le Monde (17 August 1971)
TextOn 17 August 1971, the French daily newspaper Le Monde analyses the repercussions of the unilateral decision taken two days earlier by the US President, Richard Nixon, to suspend the convertibility of the dollar into gold.
"Am Rande des Währungschaos" in Süddeutsche Zeitung (18. August 1971)
TextAm 18. August 1971 analysiert die Tageszeitung Süddeutsche Zeitung die wirtschaflichen und monetären Konsequenzen des amerikanischen Beschlusses, der drei Tage zuvor, den Dollar vom Gold abkoppelt.
Cartoon by Benedek on the collapse of the Bretton Woods System (20 August 1971)
Image'The hour of the Europeans'. For the German cartoonist Gabor Benedek, American President Richard Nixon's decision to suspend the dollar's convertibility into gold is an incentive for the Member States of the European Communities to plan the introduction of a common monetary policy.
Letter from Franco Maria Malfatti to Pierre Werner (Brussels, 10 September 1971)
TextOn 10 September 1971, in the light of the US decision to suspend the dollar’s convertibility into gold, Franco Maria Malfatti, President of the Commission of the European Communities, sends a letter to Pierre Werner, President of the Luxembourg Government, in which he calls for a strengthening of the Community and the introduction of a genuine common monetary policy.
The Council’s view on the reform of the international monetary system (14 September 1971)
TextOn 14 September 1971, the Council of Ministers of the Six expresses its view on the reform of the international monetary system and calls for a realignment of all parities and for the abolition of the American surcharge.
Lettre de Emilio Colombo à Franco Maria Malfatti (Rome, 22 septembre 1971)
TextOn 22 September 1971, after the American decision to suspend the gold convertibility of the dollar, Emilio Colombo, President of the Council of Ministers in Italy, agrees with the words of Franco Maria Malfatti, President of the Commission of the European Communities, who wants the Six to make rapid progress on economic and monetary union.
Pressekonferenz von Georges Pompidou im Élysée-Palast (Paris, 25. September 1971)
TextAm 25. September 1971 gibt der französische Präsident Georges Pompidou eine Pressekonferenz, auf der er die Gründe für die Währungskrise anführt und Lösungsvorschläge für deren Überwindung unterbreitet.
'The bankruptcy of the monetary system', from Le Monde (25 September 1971)
TextOn 25 September 1971, the French daily newspaper Le Monde reviews the impact of the decision taken six weeks earlier by the US President, Richard Nixon, to suspend the convertibility of the dollar in the light of economic policy.
Letter from Georges Pompidou to Franco Maria Malfatti (Paris, 27 October 1971)
TextOn 27 October 1971, in response to the US decision to suspend the dollar's convertibility to gold, French President Georges Pompidou replies to a letter from Franco Maria Malfatti, President of the Commission of the European Communities, and reaffirms his wish to see the Six adopt a truly Community attitude by putting aside their national differences on monetary policy.
'The conclusions of the "Ten"', from Corriere della Sera (2 December 1971)
TextOn 2 December 1971, the Italian daily newspaper Corriere della Sera analyses the difficult progress of the negotiations being conducted between the European Economic Community (EEC) and the United States with a view to resolving the international economic and monetary problems resulting from the collapse of the Bretton Woods system.
Kommuniqué des "Zehnerclubs" (Washington, 18. Dezember 1971)
TextAm 18. Dezember 1971 veröffentlicht der „Zehnerklub“ ein Kommuniqué, in dem er die wichtigsten Währungsmaßnahmen darlegt, die von den Ministern und Zentralbankgouverneuren der zehn Unterzeichnerstaaten der Allgemeinen Kreditvereinbarungen in Washington angenommen wurden.
Interview mit Valéry Giscard d'Estaing im ORTF (19. Dezember 1971)
TextBei seiner Rückkehr vom Gipfeltreffen der „G10“ teilt der französische Wirtschafts- und Finanzminister Valéry Giscard d’Estaing am 19. Dezember 1971 den Journalisten des ORTF (Office de Radiodiffusion et Télévision Française) seine Eindrücke von den Ergebnissen der Tagung in Washington mit.
Statement by Pierre Werner in the Chamber of Deputies (21 December 1971)
TextOn 21 December 1971, in an address in the Chamber of the Deputies, Luxembourg Finance Minister Pierre Werner sets out Luxembourg’s position concerning Washington’s recent decisions on international monetary matters.
Beschlüsse der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (21. Dezember 1971)
TextAm 21. Dezember 1971, drei Tage nach der Konferenz der Zehnergruppe in Washington, stellt Karl Schiller, Bundesminister für Finanzen, die währungspolitischen Beschlüsse der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vor.
Erklärung von Karl Schiller vor dem Bundestag über die internationale Währungskrise (Bonn, 19. Januar 1972)
TextAm 19. Januar 1972 erläutert der deutsche Bundesminister für Finanzen, Karl Schiller, vor dem Bundestag die währungspolitischen Beschlüsse von Washington und stellt die neuen Grundsätze der deutschen Währungspolitik vor.
Interview with Jacques de Larosière: the International Monetary System and the end of the Bretton Woods system (Paris, 22 May 2008)
Audio extractIn this interview, Jacques de Larosière, former Head of Department in the French Ministry of the Economy and Finance, looks back at the end of the international monetary system, devised at Bretton Woods in 1944, following the United States’ decision in 1971 to uncouple the dollar from the value of gold.
Interview with Jacques de Larosière: France’s international and European monetary policy (Paris, 22 May 2008)
Audio extractIn this interview, Jacques de Larosière, former Head of Department at the French Ministry of the Economy and Finance, discusses the principles which guided France's international and European monetary policy in the context of the end of the Bretton Woods system and the decoupling of the value of the dollar and the value of gold.