The Council of Europe — a testing ground for ideas
The activities of the Council of Europe
‘When are we to have "European sovereignty"?' from Le Phare Dimanche (7 August 1949)
TextOn 7 August 1949, while discussing the forthcoming meeting of the Council of Europe on the future of the European union, the Brussels weekly newspaper Le Phare Dimanche outlines the obstacles to be overcome on the path towards a European federation.
'Birth or death of Europe?' from Le Monde (9 August 1949)
TextOn 9 August 1949, the day after the first meeting of the Council of Europe, the French daily newspaper Le Monde remains cautious about the role of the future Assembly of Europe and is concerned about the obstacles that litter the road towards European unity.
Debates at the Council of Europe (16 August 1949)
TextOn 16 August 1949, the Members of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe debate future changes to the political structure in Europe.
Karikatur zur Arbeit des Europarates (August 1949)
Image„Europarat … Keine Prognose. Hiermit eröffne ich die erste Sitzung … Hiermit schließe ich die letzte Sitzung.“ Im August 1949 fragt die deutsche Satirezeitschrift Der Tintenfisch nach der tatsächlichen Wirkung der neuen europäischen Organisation
‘Europe and the German problem' from Le Phare Dimanche (28 August 1949)
TextOn 28 August 1949, the Brussels newspaper Le Phare Dimanche emphasises the positive role that the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe could play in Germany’s integration into Western Europe.
Recommendation to the Committee of Ministers (5 September 1949)
TextOn 5 September 1949, the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe adopts, by 88 votes to 2, a recommendation in favour of the economic unity of Europe.
‘A 30-day-old experiment’ from La Gazette de Lausanne (5 September 1949)
TextOn 5 September 1949, referring to the numerous criticisms directed at the Council of Europe, La Gazette de Lausanne emphasises the role and activities of this newly founded European organisation and speculates on the future of the OEEC.
‘Denis de Rougemont: Discovering Europe’ from the Revue de Paris (October 1949)
TextIn October 1949, the Swiss writer and federalist activist, Denis de Rougemont, comments on the inaugural meeting of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg and considers the debates between federalists and unionists on the future of the European continent.
'Unity of Europe' from the Corriere della Sera (1 April 1950)
TextOn 1 April 1950, the Italian daily newspaper Corriere della Sera considers the issues and the difficulties involved in the plans for a European political authority called for by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
Address given by Sean MacBride to the Council of Europe (Strasbourg, 11 August 1950)
TextOn 11 August 1950, Sean MacBride, Vice President of the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) and Member of the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers, outlines to the Consultative Assembly delegates the respective roles of MPs and national governments in the building of a united Europe.
Jacques-Camille Paris, The Council of Europe's role in European politics
TextOn 24 February 1950, in Rome, Jacques-Camille Paris, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, gives an address on the role of the Council of Europe in the policy for European unification.
‘The Assembly of Europe begins its work’ from Het Parool (7 August 1950)
TextOn 7 August 1950, the Dutch daily newspaper Het Parool reports on the first activities of the Council of Europe and describes the discussions over Germany’s place within the European Parliamentary Assembly.
Second sitting of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe (August 1950)
ImageIn August 1950, Paul-Henri Spaak, President of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe, Paul Reynaud, Winston Churchill and Robert Schuman attend the Assembly’s second sitting, held in Strasbourg.
‘Strasbourg 1950. The federalists back down’ from Le Phare Dimanche (3 December 1950)
TextOn 3 December 1950, the Brussels weekly newspaper Le Phare Dimanche reviews the work of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe on issues relating to European federalism, the Schuman Plan and the possible creation of a European army.
Speech by Paul van Zeeland at the Council of Europe (Strasbourg, 10 December 1951)
TextOn 10 December 1951, Paul van Zeeland, Belgian Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe in which he examines the possibilities for political development of the European institutions.
‘The pact under consideration’ from the Internationale Spectator (10 January 1951)
TextOn 10 January 1951, the Dutch journal Internationale Spectator comments on the activities of the Council of Europe and speculates on whether the organisation has the means to establish federalist structures in Europe.
Cartoon by Köhler on the Council of Europe (1951)
Image‘Europe in Strasbourg: "What tidy gentlemen! There’s not a trace of their work left behind."’ In 1951, the German cartoonist Köhler questions the role and the activities of the Council of Europe.
Robert Boothby, Britain’s responsibilities in Europe
TextIn 1952, Robert Boothby, a Conservative Member of the House of Commons and British delegate to the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe, publishes an article in the French magazine Notre Europe on the United Kingdom’s European policy.
‘Reflections on the beginnings of a European policy’ from Het Parool (30 September 1953)
TextOn 30 September 1953, given the Communist threat in Europe, the Dutch daily newspaper Het Parool speculates on the real ability of the European countries to unite.
Jean Monnet and Paul Reynaud (Strasbourg, 22 January 1953)
ImageOn 22 January 1953, Jean Monnet talks to Paul Reynaud during a sitting of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe.
‘The development and achievements of the Council of Europe’ from the Internationale Spectator (1 April 1953)
TextOn 1 April 1953, the Dutch journal Internationale Spectator assesses the political development and achievements of the Council of Europe since it was established in 1949.
Cartoon by Stig on the activities of the Council of Europe (10 May 1953)
Image‘The ECSC is overtaking the COUNCIL OF EUROPE. “Yeees — it is hardly surprising when force is used!!!”’ In May 1953, the German cartoonist, Stig, contrasts the lack of action taken by the Council of Europe with the real achievements and dynamism of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
The activities of the Council of Europe
‘Ten years of European growth’ from the Nieuwe Rotterdamse Courant (5 May 1959)
TextOn 5 May 1959, to mark the ten-year anniversary of the Council of Europe, the Dutch daily newspaper Nieuwe Rotterdamse Courant analyses the action of this European organisation.
‘An effective instrument for protecting human freedoms' from Le Monde diplomatique (December 1960)
TextIn December 1960, Polys Modinos, Human Rights Director at the Council of Europe and Registrar at the European Court of Human Rights, outlines in Le Monde diplomatique the legal and political scope of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms signed in Rome on 4 November 1950.
List of the Council of Europe's treaties (1949-2006)
TableList of the Conventions and Agreements, which are part of the European Treaty Series (ETS), opened to the member States of the Council of Europe and, where appropriate, to European non-member States, to non-European non-member States and to the European Community.
Interview mit Paul Collowald (Sanem, 27. Juni 2002) – Auszug: die Anfänge des Informations- und Pressedienstes des Europarates
VideoIn diesem Interview beschreibt Paul Collowald, ehemaliger Journalist bei der Tageszeitung Le Nouvel Alsacien und ehemaliger Korrespondent für Europafragen der Tageszeitung Le Monde im Elsass, die Arbeiten des Presse- und Informationsdienstes des Europarates ab 1949 unter Leitung des belgischen Journalisten Paul M.G. Lévy.
The Eden Plan
"Großbritannien, Europa und das Commonwealth" in Le Monde (24. Dezember 1949)
TextAm 24. Dezember 1949 beschreibt der ehemalige britische Außenminister Anthony Eden in der französischen Tageszeitung Le Monde die Haltung, die das Vereinigte Königreich im vereinten Europa angesichts der für die Briten wichtigen Rolle des Commonwealth einnehmen will.
Aide-mémoire by the Government of the United Kingdom (19 March 1952)
TextOn 19 March 1952, the United Kingdom submits to the Council of Europe an aide-mémoire which proposes that political authority over the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Defence Community (EDC) be given to the Council of Europe.
Statement by Anthony Eden (19 March 1952)
TextOn 19 March 1952, Anthony Eden, British Foreign Secretary, submits to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe a plan which provides for the Council of Europe to be given political authority over the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Defence Community (EDC).
Resolution of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe (21 March 1952)
TextOn 21 March 1952, the General Affairs Committee of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe welcomes the United Kingdom’s proposal that the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the future European Defence Community (EDC) and any other specialised European institutions which might be established should operate under the aegis of the Council of Europe.
Memorandum from the British Government (17 April 1952)
TextOn 17 April 1952, the British Government submits to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe a memorandum on the means whereby the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the future European Defence Community (EDC) and any other specialised European institutions which might be established might operate under the aegis of the Council of Europe.
Official minutes of the debates at the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe (16–17 May 1952)
TextOn 16 and 17 May 1952, the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe debates British proposals whereby the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the future European Defence Community (EDC) and any other specialised European institutions which might be established would operate under the aegis of the Council of Europe (Eden Plan).
Resolution of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe (30 May 1952)
TextOn 30 May 1952, the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe adopts a resolution on the British proposals for the establishment of an organic link between the Council of Europe and the Communities of the Six.
Julian Amery, The Eden Plan
TextIn 1952, Julian Amery, a Conservative MP and British delegate to the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe, summarises the origins and objectives of the Eden Plan designed to confer on the Council of Europe political authority over the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and over the European Defence Community (EDC).
Guy Mollet, Reflections on the Eden Plan
TextIn 1952, Guy Mollet, Chairman of the Socialist Intergroup in the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe, welcomes the proposals set out in the Eden Plan, since he regards them as a positive development in the United Kingdom’s attitude to European affairs.
Patrick Gordon-Walker, The European Policy of the Labour Party
TextIn 1952, Patrick Gordon-Walker, a Labour MP and British delegate to the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe, sets out in the French magazine Notre Europe the Labour Party’s position on European issues.
Address given by Anthony Eden (Strasbourg, 15 September 1952)
TextOn 15 September 1952, addressing the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe, Anthony Eden, British Foreign Secretary, outlines his plan for the Council of Europe to be given political authority to monitor the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Defence Community (EDC).
‘Eden wishes to tie the "select Communities" to Europe without detracting from their independence' from Le Monde (17 September 1952)
TextOn 17 September 1952, the French daily newspaper Le Monde considers the proposals put forward by Anthony Eden, British Foreign Secretary, to associate the Six with the other member States of the Council of Europe.
Cartoon by Low on the Council of Europe (26 September 1952)
ImageIn September 1952, the British cartoonist, David Low, takes an ironic look at the joint efforts of Paul-Henri Spaak (left), Belgian Foreign Minister, and Robert Schuman (right), French Foreign Minister, to persuade their British counterpart, Anthony Eden (centre), to take part in the first steps of the Council of Europe, despite his fears and hesitations.
Closing address given by François de Menthon (Strasbourg, 30 September 1952)
TextOn 30 September 1952, in his closing address to the fourth session of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Frenchman, François de Menthon, President of the Assembly, summarises the work undertaken by the European Members.