On 24 January 1991, the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs forwards a note to Jacques Delors, President of the European Commission, regarding Spain’s position on the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

In autumn 1990, the leader-writer of the federalist magazine L’Europe en Formation criticises the policy of Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister, with regard to Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

In May 1989, the economist Victor Manuel Riberio Constâncio, former Portuguese Finance Minister and former Secretary-General of the Portuguese Socialist Party, delivers an address in Lisbon to members of the Associação Promotora do Ensino dos Cegos (Teaching Promotional Association for the Blind — APEC) in which he reviews the origins and consequences of the introduction of the European Single Act and the modified European Monetary System (EMS).

‘Chancellor of European unity: Sacrifice for Europe ’91.’ In 1991, the cartoonist, Hanitzsch, illustrates the ulterior motive of the Federal Chancellor, Helmut Kohl, behind the abandonment of the national currency, the Deutschmark, in favour of the single European currency.

On 21 November 1990, the Confederation of Employers and Industries of Spain (CEOE) gives its views on the implications of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

„ … nur noch wenige tausend Tage!“ Im Dezember 1991 zeigt der Karikaturist Horst Haitzinger die Furcht vieler Deutschen bei dem Gedanken, ihre Währung, die „Deutsche Mark“, für die gemeinsame europäische Währung aufgeben zu müssen.

On 5 December 1990, the French Council of Ministers notifies its support for the plan for Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and outlines the various stages leading thereto.

On 4 November 1992, the special edition of the British daily newspaper Financial Times on Luxembourg includes an analysis of the impact of the Maastricht Treaty on the Luxembourg economy and public opinion.

On 27 June 1990, the British daily newspaper The Guardian speculates as to whether it is economically and politically feasible for the United Kingdom to participate in an economic and monetary union (EMU).