Die Mitgliedstaaten und die erste Phase der WWU
Interview with Karl Otto Pöhl from La Libre Belgique (30 May 1988)
TextOn 30 May 1988, Karl Otto Pöhl, President of the Bundesbank, grants an interview to La Libre Belgique in which he considers the future of European monetary policy.
‘European integration’ from the Cadernos de Economia (October 1989)
TextIn May 1989, the economist Victor Manuel Riberio Constâncio, former Portuguese Finance Minister and former Secretary-General of the Portuguese Socialist Party, delivers an address in Lisbon to members of the Associação Promotora do Ensino dos Cegos (Teaching Promotional Association for the Blind — APEC) in which he reviews the origins and consequences of the introduction of the European Single Act and the modified European Monetary System (EMS).
Address given by John Major on Economic and Monetary Union (London, 2 November 1989)
TextOn 2 November 1989, John Major, Chancellor of the Exchequer, gives an address in the House of Commons in which he sets out the United Kingdom’s position on Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
'Monetary union and the dilemma that could leave us condemned' from The Guardian (27 June 1990)
TextOn 27 June 1990, the British daily newspaper The Guardian speculates as to whether it is economically and politically feasible for the United Kingdom to participate in an economic and monetary union (EMU).
"London und die Währungsunion" in Le Monde (30. Oktober 1990)
TextNach dem europäischen Gipfel von Rom analysiert die französische Tageszeitung Le Monde am 30. Oktober 1990 die Vorbehalte der britischen Premierministerin Margaret Thatcher gegenüber dem Zeitplan für die Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion (WWU).
Statement by the Confederation of Employers and Industries of Spain (Madrid, 21 November 1990)
TextOn 21 November 1990, the Confederation of Employers and Industries of Spain (CEOE) gives its views on the implications of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
Communiqué issued by the French Council of Ministers on the establishment of EMU (5 December 1990)
TextOn 5 December 1990, the French Council of Ministers notifies its support for the plan for Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and outlines the various stages leading thereto.
Karikatur von Haitzinger über Deutschland und die WWU (5. Dezember 1991)
Bild„ … nur noch wenige tausend Tage!“ Im Dezember 1991 zeigt der Karikaturist Horst Haitzinger die Furcht vieler Deutschen bei dem Gedanken, ihre Währung, die „Deutsche Mark“, für die gemeinsame europäische Währung aufgeben zu müssen.
Cartoon by Hanitzsch on Germany and EMU (1991)
Bild‘Chancellor of European unity: Sacrifice for Europe ’91.’ In 1991, the cartoonist, Hanitzsch, illustrates the ulterior motive of the Federal Chancellor, Helmut Kohl, behind the abandonment of the national currency, the Deutschmark, in favour of the single European currency.
Interview granted to Antenne 2 by François Mitterrand: excerpts on EMU (11 December 1991)
TextOn 11 December 1991, during an interview granted to the French national television channel, Antenne 2, François Mitterrand, President of the French Republic, considers the implementation of a single European currency and outlines its various advantages.
Note from the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs on EMU (Madrid, 24 January 1991)
TextOn 24 January 1991, the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs forwards a note to Jacques Delors, President of the European Commission, regarding Spain’s position on the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
‘Europe of the Twelve minus one' from L'Europe en Formation (Autumn 1990)
TextIn autumn 1990, the leader-writer of the federalist magazine L’Europe en Formation criticises the policy of Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister, with regard to Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
'No qualms over union' from the Financial Times (4 November 1992)
TextOn 4 November 1992, the special edition of the British daily newspaper Financial Times on Luxembourg includes an analysis of the impact of the Maastricht Treaty on the Luxembourg economy and public opinion.
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, European Monetary Union and Italy (December 1992)
TextIn December 1992, in the Italian diplomatic journal Affari Esteri, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Deputy Director General of the Bank of Italy and former rapporteur for the Delors Committee on Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), outlines the origins and implications of EMU and considers its actual meaning for the Italian economy.
Interview with Jacques de Larosière: France’s role during the economic and monetary integration process (Paris, 22 May 2008)
TonIn this interview, Jacques de Larosière, former Governor of the Bank of France and former member of the committee chaired by Jacques Delors, President of the European Commission, which had the task of studying and proposing the practical stages leading to the gradual establishment of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), explains France's role in the European process of economic and monetary integration.