Die Berlin-Blokade (24. Juni 1948 bis 12. Mai 1949)
Statement by Vassili Sokolovsky (20 March 1948)
TextOn 20 March 1948, in London, Vassili Sokolovsky, Soviet Marshal, announces the breakdown in relations between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies on the issue of Germany and confirms his refusal to attend future meetings of the Allied Control Council.
'The red bluff' from the Daily Mail (2 April 1948)
TextOn 2 April 1948, the British daily newspaper Daily Mail condemns the decision of the Soviet Union to bring to an end its participation in meetings of the Allied Control Council and expresses concern over the risks of confrontation between the Western Allies and Moscow in the event of the Soviets’ blocking the means of access to Berlin.
Karikatur von Illingworth zur internationalen Lage in Berlin (5. April 1948)
Bild„Stecknadel-Duell.“ Angesichts der sich verschlechternden internationalen Lage in Berlin illustriert der britische Karikaturist Leslie Gilbert Illingworth die wachsenden Spannungen zwischen dem Westen und dem Ostblock und unterstreicht die Risiken eines ernsten Konflikts zwischen den beiden Supermächten USA und Sowjetunion. Links: der amerikanische Präsident Harry Truman, rechts: Josef Stalin.
Berliner Blockade (1948-1949)
KarteDiese Karte zeigt die Sektoren Berlins, die ab dem 24. Juni 1948 von der Sowjetunion blockiert wurden, sowie die Korridore der Luftbrücke der alliierten Streitkräfte, die bis zum 12. Mai 1949 dauerte.
Economic hardship in Berlin (1948)
BildThe Berlin Blockade, imposed by the Soviet Union on 24 June 1948, causes a food shortage, forcing Berliners to grow their own fruit and vegetables.
"Blockade und Diplomatie" in Le Monde (11. Juli 1948)
TextWenige Tage nach dem Beginn der Berliner Blockade am 24. Juni 1948 analysiert die französische Tageszeitung Le Monde die möglichen Auswirkungen der Blockade auf den Verlauf der Gespräche zwischen der Sowjetunion, den Vereinigten Staaten und dem Vereinten Königreich über die Besatzung der Stadt durch die vier Siegermächte.
Letters from Albert Wehrer to Joseph Bech (1 and 12 July 1948)
TextOn 1 and 12 July 1948, Albert Wehrer, Head of the Luxembourg mission to the Allied Control Council in Berlin, sends several letters to Joseph Bech, Luxembourg Foreign Minister, in which he describes the state of tension in Berlin after the access routes to the former German capital were blocked by the Soviets.
Note from the United States to the Soviet Union (6 July 1948)
TextTwo weeks after the start of the Berlin Blockade by the Soviet Union on 24 June 1948, the United States sends a note to the Soviet Government expressing its resolve not to abandon the people of Berlin in the face of Soviet pressure.
Note from the Soviet Government (14 July 1948)
TextOn 14 July 1948, in a letter addressed to the US and British Governments, the Soviet authorities accuse the Western Allies of having breached the four-power agreements on the control of Berlin.
Aide-mémoire from France, the United States and the United Kingdom (30 July 1948)
TextOn 30 July 1948, in a memorandum addressed to the Soviet authorities in Berlin, the British, French and US representatives reject the reasons put forward by Moscow for closing the access routes to Berlin.
Cartoon on the Berlin Blockade (July 1948)
Bild‘Over the lime (Linden) trees’. In July 1948 the German satirical magazine Der Tintenfisch portrays the hegemonic policy of the Soviet Union in Berlin and Moscow’s overt desire to see the Western Allies leave the former German capital.
Verbal note sent to Joseph Stalin from France, the United Kingdom and the United States (3 August 1948)
TextOn 3 August 1948, the British, French and US Governments deliver to Joseph Stalin a note in which they call on the Soviet Union to put an end to the military blockade of Berlin.
'The fight for Germany' from Il nuovo Corriere della Sera (1 July 1948)
TextOn 1 July 1948, the Italian newspaper Il nuovo Corriere della Sera explains how the Berlin Blockade fits into the scheme of the Cold War and considers the fate of Germany.
Karikatur von Szewczuk zur schwierigen Berlin-Frage (1. Juli 1948)
Bild„Die Zerreißprobe.“ Am 1. Juli 1948, nach Beginn der Berlin-Blockade durch die Sowjets, illustriert der Karikaturist Mirko Szewczuk „die Zerreißprobe“ zwischen der Sowjetunion und den westlichen Alliierten (Vereinigte Staaten, Vereinigtes Königreich, Frankreich) über den Status der Stadt.
Cartoon by Lang on the stance taken by the United States, France and the United Kingdom in response to the Berlin Blockade (17 July 1948)
Bild‘Note after note — Fear not! We shall feed him so many strongly worded notes that he will no longer have any appetite for you …’ On 17 July 1948, some weeks after the start of the Berlin Blockade, the German cartoonist Lang comments ironically on the Western Allies’ response to the real threat posed by the Soviet Union to the city of Berlin.
Cartoon by Shepard on the Western Allies’ position regarding the Berlin Blockade (28 July 1948)
BildIn July 1948, British cartoonist Ernest Howard Shepard emphasises the Western Allies’ determination to present a united front against the decision taken by the Soviet Allies to block access to the Western zones of Berlin.
Letter from the permanent French delegate to the Security Council (Paris, 20 September 1948)
TextOn 20 September 1948, Alexandre Parodi, permanent French delegate to the United Nations Security Council, expresses to Trygve Lie, first Secretary-General of the UN, France’s wish that the Security Council will intervene on the issue of the Berlin Blockade.
Joseph Stalin, After victory
TextIn October 1948, Joseph Stalin gives an interview to the Soviet Communist daily newspaper Pravda in which he outlines his position on the Berlin Blockade and deplores the aggressive policy of the Western bloc towards the USSR.
Interview with Marshal Vassili Sokolovsky in Soviet News (5 October 1948)
TextOn 5 October 1948, in response to questions from East German journalists, Marshal Vasily Sokolovsky, Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet zone of occupation in Germany, outlines the causes of the Berlin Crisis.
‘After a failed mediation' from Le Figaro (27 October 1948)
TextOn 27 October 1948, André François-Poncet, former French Ambassador to Germany, condemns in the French Conservative daily newspaper Le Figaro the Soviet policy on Berlin and calls for an end to the Blockade.
"Heiße Biskuits" in Der Spiegel (30. April 1949)
TextDas deutsche Nachrichtenmagazin Der Spiegel untersucht die diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und der Sowjetunion während der Berliner Blockade im Jahre 1949.
Vincent Auriol, Journal of the seven-year term extract on the Berlin Blockade
TextIn 1948, Vincent Auriol, the first President of the Fourth French Republic, expresses his concern about the consequences of the Berlin Blockade. In favour of an agreement with the Soviet Union in order to defuse the situation, he refuses to lend his support to the American policy.