Norway's refusal
Norway's refusal
Norway's refusal
TextNorway and the accession to the European Communities
Summary record of the exchanges of views between a Commission delegation and the Norwegian authorities (November 1968)
TextIn November 1968, a European Commission delegation meets the Norwegian authorities with a view to seeking a solution to the problems for the common fisheries policy which will result from Norwegian accession to the Common Market.
Address given by Willy Brandt to the Storting (24 April 1970)
TextOn 24 April 1970, in Oslo, the German Chancellor, Willy Brandt, outlines to representatives of the political parties elected to the Storting the issues involved in the enlargement of the European Communities to include the Scandinavian countries.
"La Norvège se prépare à l'entrée au marché commun" dans Nieuw Europa (Mai 1970)
TextEn mai 1970, la revue du Mouvement européen néerlandais Nieuw Europa examine la situation dans les secteurs de l'agriculture, de la pêche et de l'industrie en Norvège à la veille du début des négociations d'adhésion aux Communautés européennes.
Speech by Svenn Stray (Luxembourg, 30 June 1970)
TextOn 30 June 1970, in Luxembourg, Svenn Stray, Norwegian Foreign Minister, delivers a speech at the diplomatic conference attended by the six Member States of the European Communities and the four candidate countries.
‘The idea of accession is meeting fairly stiff resistance in Norway’ from Le Monde diplomatique
TextIn September 1970, the French monthly magazine Le Monde diplomatique outlines the stakes involved in and the historical scope of Norway’s possible accession to the European Communities.
Internal memorandum from the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (6 January 1971)
TextOn 6 January 1971, an internal memorandum from the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry outlines the position of the Norwegian authorities on the forthcoming negotiations for the country’s accession to the European Communities.
Statement by Andreas Cappelen (Brussels, 30 March 1971)
TextOn 30 March 1971, the new Norwegian Foreign Minister, Andreas Cappelen, reiterates his government’s commitment to bringing the accession negotiations under way with the European Communities to a successful conclusion as soon as possible.
Andreas Cappelen, Norway in European context
TextIn January 1972, in the journal Revue du Marché commun, Andreas Cappelen, Norwegian Foreign Minister, describes Norway's hopes and fears with regard to its accession to the common market.
Trade between Norway and the EEC 1958-1969
TabelleTable showing trade between Norway and the EEC from 1958 to 1969.
Accession negotiations
Statement by Svenn Stray (Brussels, 22 September 1970)
TextOn 22 September 1970, during the first ministerial session between the European Communities and Norway, Norwegian Foreign Minister Svenn Stray raises the question of the establishment of a common fisheries policy.
'More pressing need for a regional policy once Norway joins the EEC' from Le Monde (26 January 1971)
TextOn 26 January 1971, French daily newspaper Le Monde lists the demands of Norwegian farmers and fishermen who require greater flexibility of Community rules on agriculture in the event of their country joining the European Economic Community (EEC).
'Bible versus EEC' from Der Spiegel (19 July 1971)
TextOn 19 July 1971, German weekly publication Der Spiegel looks back at the lively debates whipped up in Norway by the country's second application for accession to the European common market.
Interview with Trygve Bratteli from Der Spiegel (19 July 1971)
TextOn 19 July 1971, in an interview with the German weekly Der Spiegel, Trygve Bratteli, Norwegian Prime Minister, lists the stumbling blocks holding up the diplomatic negotiations on Norway's accession to the European common market.
Memorandum from the European Commission on the situation of the Norwegian fishing industry (February 1971)
TextIn February 1971, as European Commission President Franco Maria Malfatti visits Norway, the European Commission issues a memorandum outlining the results of the latest negotiations with Norwegian leaders on the question of the common policy for the fishing industry.
Statement by the Norwegian delegation on the fishery limit (4 May 1971)
TextOn 4 May 1971, as negotiations are held for Norway’s accession to the European Economic Community (EEC), the Norwegian delegation raises the question of fishing rights.
Memorandum from the Norwegian delegation on fishery limits (4 May 1971)
TextOn 4 May 1971, the Norwegian delegation sends the European Communities a memorandum on the question of access to fishing areas within Norway’s territorial waters.
Memorandum from the Norwegian delegation on the market arrangements for fish in the EC (8 June 1971)
TextOn 8 June 1971, as negotiations are held for Norway’s accession to the European Economic Community (EEC), the Norwegian delegation drafts a memorandum on how the market arrangements for fish in the Community are likely to affect the country’s fishing industry.
Statement by the Norwegian delegation on the agricultural problem (Luxembourg, 21 June 1971)
TextOn 21 June 1971, as negotiations are held for Norway’s accession to the European Common Market, the Norwegian delegation calls for the adoption of special arrangements to solve the problems facing the country’s agriculture.
‘Candidate countries refuse to compromise on fishing zones’ from Die Welt (10 November 1971)
TextOn 10 November 1971, the German daily newspaper Die Welt comments on the difficult negotiations between the Six and the candidate countries to reach an agreement on fisheries policy.
Note from the European Commission delegation (Brussels, 28 December 1971)
TextOn 28 December 1971, an internal memorandum from the European Commission delegation offers a first assessment of the negotiations on the question of the Norwegian fishing industry.
"Réflexions sur quelques aspects et problèmes des pêches norvégiennes" dans Revue du Marché commun
TextDans son édition de janvier 1972, la Revue du Marché commun examine la situation de la pêche norvégienne et dresse un catalogue des difficultés liées à l'adhésion éventuelle de la Norvège au Marché commun européen.
Outcome of the negotiations with the applicant countries: Fishing rights (1972)
TextNorway signs the Treaty of Accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) on 22 January 1972, in Brussels. The Treaty contains a special protocol on fishing rights.
Per Kleppe: ‘Norway from a European perspective’ from the Revue du Marché commun (January 1972)
TextIn an article published in the Revue du Marché commun in January 1972, Per Kleppe, Norwegian Minister for Trade and Shipping, describes the characteristics of Norway’s economy that should be taken into account in the negotiations for the country’s accession to the European Communities.
'Particular problems concerning Denmark and Norway' from Bulletin of the European Economic Community (1972)
TextIn January 1972, the Bulletin of the European Communities offers an in-depth analysis of the economic problems arising from the planned entry of Denmark and Norway into the European Communities.
The signing of the Accession Treaty
The Norwegian delegation (Brussels, 7 January 1972)
BildOn 7 January 1972, in Brussels, the Norwegian Delegation - comprising (from left to right) Andreas Cappelen (Foreign Minister), Søren Christian Sommerfelt (leader of the Norwegian negotiating delegation) and Trygve Bratelli (Prime Minister) - meet Franco Maria Malfatti, President of the European Commission.
Treaty concerning the Accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland, the Kingdom of Norway and the United Kingdom to the EEC and the EAEC (Brussels, 22 January 1972)
TextTreaty concerning the accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC) of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland, the Kingdom of Norway and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The signing of Norway's Accession Treaty to the European Communities (Brussels, 22 January 1972)
BildOn 22 January 1972 in Brussels, Andreas Cappelen, Norwegian Foreign Minister, signs Norway’s Treaty of Accession to the European Communities. On 25 September 1972, accession is rejected by the Norwegian people in a national referendum.
The signing of Norway's Accession Treaty to the European Communities (Brussels, 22 January 1972)
BildOn 22 January 1972, in Brussels, the Norwegian Delegation - comprising (from left to right) Andreas Cappelen, Foreign Minister, Trygve Martin Bratelli, Prime Minister, and Søren Christian Sommerfelt, leader of the Norwegian negotiating delegation- sign Norway's Treaty of Accession to the European Communities.
The Norwegian refusal
Referendum in Norway (25 September 1972)
VideoOn 25 September 1972, the Norwegians are called upon to vote in a referendum on their country's accession to the European Communities. Following the ballot, the ‘no’ wins, with 53.5% of the votes cast.
The referendum in Norway (25 September 1972)
TabelleIn the winter of 1972, the Norwegian agency Statistics Norway publishes figures on the turnout in the referendum on the country’s accession to the European common market organised on 25 September 1972.
Norway says ‘no’ to Europe (RTL news broadcast, 26 September 1972)
TonIn the referendum held on 25 September 1972, the Norwegians vote against their country joining the European Communities. The following day, RTL 7p.m. news broadcast covers the issue in depth and gives its listeners the opportunity to hear the opinions of Sicco Mansholt, President of the European Commission, and Jean Monnet, Chairman of the Action Committee for a United States of Europe.
Reactions in France to Norway’s ‘No’ vote (RTL, 26 September 1972)
TonOn 26 September 1972, the RTL radio station considers the reasons for and the consequences of the rejection by the Norwegian people of Norway’s accession to the European Communities in the referendum held in the country the previous day. RTL presents its listeners with the reactions of Georges Pompidou, President of the French Republic, and André Bettencourt, Minister Delegate to the French Foreign Minister.
France's reaction to Norway's 'No' vote (RTL, 26 September 1972)
TonOn 25 September 1972, the Norwegian people vote in a referendum against their country joining the European Communities. The following day, RTL reports on France’s reaction to this decision.
Statement by André Bettencourt on the results of the Norwegian referendum (26 September 1972)
TextOn 26 September 1972, André Bettencourt, French Foreign Minister, comments on the negative outcome of the Norwegian referendum and calls for European integration to be revived.
Cartoon by Hartung on the Norwegians’ refusal to join the EC (27 September 1972)
BildOn 25 September 1972, the ‘no' vote triumphs at the popular referendum on Norway's accession to the common market. For German cartoonist, Hartung, ‘The fiancé says no' and the ‘marriage' between Norway and the European Economic Community (EEC) falls through.
'Stabbing themselves in the back' from Die Welt (27 September 1972)
TextOn 25 September 1972, through a referendum, Norwegians oppose the accession of their country to the European common market. Two days later, German daily newspaper Die Welt considers the reasons for this refusal. .
'A warning' from Le Monde (27 September 1972)
TextOn 25 September 1972, the Norwegians vote in a referendum against the country's accession to the European common market. Two days later, the French daily newspaper Le Monde analyses the consequences of this Norwegian refusal for the process of enlargement of the European Economic Community (EEC).
'Norway's emotional '"No"' from the Süddeutsche Zeitung (27 September 1972)
TextOn 27 September 1972, in its coverage of the negative outcome of the popular referendum in Norway on the country's accession to the European Economic Community (EEC), German daily newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung leads on the European and domestic political repercussions of this refusal.
Note from the German Ambassador to Oslo on the ‘no’ vote by the Norwegian people (Oslo, 27 September 1972)
TextOn 27 September 1972, after the negative result in the Norwegian referendum on the country’s accession to the European Communities, Gerhard Ritzel, German Ambassador to Oslo, analyses the future relations between the European Communities and Norway.
'Shadows over Europe' from the Luxemburger Wort (28 September 1972)
TextOn 28 September 1972, daily newspaper Luxemburger Wort displays concern over the possible consequences of the negative outcome of the Norwegian popular referendum on the country's accession to the European Economic Community (EEC).
Torkel Opsahl, Norway's 'no'
TextIn November 1972, the Revue du Marché commun publishes an analysis by Torkel Opsahl, Professor at the Institute of Public Law and International Law at Oslo University, on the refusal of the Norwegian people to enter the European common market.
Cartoon by Plantu on the vote by the Norwegian people against accession to the European Communities (1972)
BildOn 25 September 1972, the people of Norway vote in a referendum against their country’s accession to the European Communities. The French cartoonist, Plantu, illustrates this first setback in the European enlargement process.
Cartoon by Behrendt on Norwegian refusal to enter EC (1973)
BildThe cartoonist, Behrendt, illustrates the first u-turn in the process of European enlargement. Sailing behind the Danish liner, which tirelessly follows its route towards Europe, the Norwegian ship 'changes course' and turns back on 25 September 1972.
‘Things are hotting up in Norway’ from L’Express
TextOn 18 September 1972, in the run up to the referendum on whether Norway should accede to the European Community, the French weekly magazine L’Express describes the tense atmosphere prevailing among the Norwegian people.
‘Towards an agreement between brotherly nations’ from Le Monde diplomatique
TextIn March 1973, writing in the French magazine Le Monde diplomatique, Trygve Bratteli, former Prime Minister of Norway, sets out the reasons why the Norwegians voted in a referendum against accession to the European Communities.
Interview with Bjørn Tore Godal: the first rejection by referendum of EC membership for Norway (Berlin, 19 June 2007)
VideoIn this interview, Bjørn Tore Godal, leader of the Workers’ Youth League in Norway from 1971 to 1973, recalls the main reasons why the people of Norway, on 25 September1972, rejected accession to the European Communities. He emphasises, in particular, factors such as the distance from Brussels and the reluctance of a young nation-state to transfer part of its sovereignty, and he emphasises the significance of the fishing industry and agriculture in Norway.
Interview with Edmund Wellenstein: the reaction of the European Commission to the first negative referendum in Norway on accession to the European Communities (The Hague, 27 August 2009)
VideoIn this interview, Edmund Wellenstein, Head of the European Commission delegation for negotiations on enlargement of the European Communities from 1970 to 1973, describes the reactions of the Commission and the Norwegian Government to the negative result in the referendum held on 25 September 1972 on the country’s accession to the European Communities.