In November 2003, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, an Italian and member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank (ECB), criticises the shortcomings of the draft European Constitution drawn up by the European Convention and presented on 18 July 2003 in Rome to Silvio Berlusconi, President-in-Office of the Council of the European Union, at the opening of the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC).