In the third part of the first day of the seminar, chaired by Michel Mangenot from the University of Strasbourg, Grégory Hû from the University of Strasbourg looks at the criticism in France within the Socialist Party (PS) to the European Constitutional Treaty, and within the Rally for the Republic (RPR) to the Maastricht Treaty. Nathalie Brack from the Université Libre de Bruxelles then describes the perceptions and practices of the representative mandate by the elected representatives of the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in the European Parliament. Finally, Mehmet Bardakci from Gediz University, Izmir, discusses opposition to the European Union in Turkish political parties between 1999 and 2006.