NATO
'The USA and Europe' from the Luxemburger Wort (3 May 1948)
TextOn 3 May 1948, the Luxembourg daily newspaper Luxemburger Wort reviews the American plans to provide military aid to Europe.
Vandenberg Resolution (Washington, 11 June 1948)
TextOn 11 June 1948, the US Senate adopts the Vandenberg Resolution supporting the association of the United States, by constitutional procedures, with regional or collective arrangements based upon continuous and effective individual or mutual aid.
Cartoon by Lang on NATO (30 October 1948)
Image‘...28 October 1948 ... The Atlantic Pact is in sight - Uncle Sam: ‘Before that big fellow over there grabs you, I’ll marry you with all your scrawny kids…’ On 30 October 1948, in the face of the Soviet threat, the cartoonist Ernst Maria Lang comments on Europe's relief at the protection afforded by the military alliance with the United States.
'Pax thanks to the pact' from Der Spiegel (11 December 1948)
TextOn 11 December 1948, the German weekly news magazine Der Spiegel comments on the efforts made by the United States to establish a military alliance among Western countries.
Cartoon by Shepard on the transatlantic link between the United States and Western Europe (23 February 1949)
ImageOn 23 February 1949, as negotiations are held on the establishment of a new military alliance, British cartoonist Ernest Howard Shepard illustrates the United States' determination to protect Western Europe from the Communist threat.
Cartoon on the establishment of an Atlantic Pact (25 February 1949)
Image‘Mirage.’ On 25 February 1949, the German weekly journal Europa-Kurier publishes a cartoon on the wanderings of a Western Europe which is seeking unity and is attracted by the prospect of military alliance with the United States.
French Communist cartoon against the establishment of an Atlantic Pact (26 February 1949)
ImageOn 26 February 1949, the French Communist daily newspaper Le Patriote mosellan criticises the reassuring words of the British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevin, on the importance of the future Atlantic Pact, comparing them to the uplifting words of British Prime Minister Arthur Neville Chamberlain in 1939 concerning the Munich Pact. For Le Patriote mosellan, this military alliance between the countries of Western Europe and the United States is a new tool for war and not for peace.
‘My village running on American time? Never!' from L'Humanité (19 March 1949)
TextOn 19 March 1949, the French Communist daily newspaper L’Humanité warns against the dangers of the future North Atlantic Treaty and deplores the United States’ imperialist policy.
Signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (Washington, 4 April 1949)
VideoOn 4 April 1949, the Foreign Ministers of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States sign the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington.
The North Atlantic Treaty (Washington, 4 April 1949)
TextOn 4 April 1949, in Washington, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States sign the North Atlantic Treaty. The Treaty enters into force on 24 August 1949.
Address given by Harry S. Truman on the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (Washington, 4 April 1949)
Audio extractUS President Harry S. Truman gives an address in Washington on 4 April 1949 at the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in which he underlines the importance that the Atlantic Alliance attaches to peace and prosperity.
Address by Paul-Henri Spaak (Washington, 4 April 1949)
Audio extractAt the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 in Washington, Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian Prime Minister, delivers a speech in which he stresses the importance of NATO in ensuring world peace.
The creation of NATO (1949)
MapMap depicting the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 in Washington and NATO's 12 founding member states. The treaty comes into force on 24 August 1949.
Cartoon by Illingworth on Soviet foreign policy and the establishment of NATO (4 April 1949)
ImageOn 4 April 1949, British cartoonist Leslie Gilbert Illingworth takes an ironic look at the role played by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
'The war pact has been signed' from the Zeitung vum Lëtzeburger Vollek (5 April 1949)
TextThe day after the signing of the Treaty of Washington establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the Luxembourg Communist daily newspaper Zeitung vum Lëtzeburger Vollek deplores the Treaty as a warmongers’ pact.
Cartoon on the position of the Soviet Union regarding NATO (April 1949)
ImageIn April 1949 the German satirical magazine Der Tintenfisch portrays ‘Russia’s response to the Atlantic Pact’ and attacks the Soviet leadership’s participation in the atomic arms race.
Demonstration against NATO (Rome)
ImageWhile members of the Italian Government meet in the Montecitorio Palace to discuss Italy’s accession to the Atlantic Pact, demonstrations against NATO are held on the streets of Rome, and a large nunber of people are injured as a result of strong-arm intervention by the police.
Favourable publicity for NATO (4 May 1955)
ImageIn May 1955, the United Aircraft Corporation, the principal US aircraft manufacturer, publishes a promotional insert in the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera in support of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
Advertisement in support of NATO (15 May 1955)
ImageOn 15 May 1955, the United Aircraft Corporation, a major American aircraft manufacturer, lends its full support to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in the Italian daily newspaper Corriere della Sera.