The Luxembourg Compromise (January 1966)
Commission proposals concerning the financing of the CAP, own resources and the powers of the European Parliament (31 March 1965)
TextOn 31 March 1965, the Commission of the European Economic Community presents three proposals to the Council, one of which involves gradually replacing the financial contributions of the Member States by own resources.
Pierre Werner, Luxembourg and European meanderings
TextIn his memoirs, Pierre Werner, former Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, discusses the empty chair crisis of 1965–1966.
Tagung des Ministerrates „Landwirtschaft“ (Brüssel, 30. Juni 1965)
ImageAm 30. Juni 1965 stellen die Vertreter Frankreichs, Landwirtschaftsminister Edgard Pisani und Wirtschafts- und Finanzminister Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, die Unvereinbarkeit ihrer Haltung hinsichtlich der Finanzierung der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) mit der der Delegationen der fünf anderen Mitgliedstaaten fest.
'Die Politik des leeren Stuhls' von Georges Levhat (RTL, 30. Juni 1965)
Audio extractDer RTL-Journalist Georges Levhat wohnte dem Verhandlungsmarathon in der Agrarpolitik vom 30. Juni 1965 in Brüssel bei. Er beschreibt die Haltung der verschiedenen Akteure und die Atmosphäre bei den Verhandlungen, deren Scheitern die Verärgerung Frankreichs hervorruft, das daraufhin für sechs Monate die Politik des leeren Stuhls praktizieren wird.
Memorandum from Pierre Pescatore on Luxembourg’s attitude to the empty chair crisis (Luxembourg, 6 July 1965)
TextOn 6 July 1965, Pierre Pescatore, Secretary-General of the Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign Affairs, sends a note to the Luxembourg diplomatic missions in Europe in which he sets out the position adopted by Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, in relation to the empty chair crisis and the political means by which it may be overcome.
Note from the Quai d’Orsay on the CAP financial regulation in the light of the empty chair crisis (Paris, 13 July 1965)
TextOn 13 July 1965, the Economic Cooperation Service of the French Foreign Ministry drafts a note which sets out the deadlock situation facing the Community following the failure of the negotiations on the financial regulation of the common agricultural policy (CAP) which led to the empty chair crisis.
Note concerning the position of Luxembourg and Germany on the empty chair crisis (Luxembourg, 20 July 1965)
TextOn 20 July 1965, Pierre Pescatore, Secretary-General of the Luxembourg Ministry for Foreign Affairs, provides an account of his meeting the previous day in Bonn with Rolf Lahr, State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), in order to consider the causes for the empty chair crisis and the possible diplomatic and political solutions to it.
Note from the Luxembourg Ambassador to France on the empty chair crisis (Paris, 2 August 1965)
TextOn 2 August 1965, Nicolas Hommel, the Luxembourg Ambassador to Paris, sends a confidential note to Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, in which he gives his account of the reasons which led France, under General de Gaulle, to boycott Community activities in Brussels.
Note concerning the press conference held by General de Gaulle and the empty chair crisis (Luxembourg, 15 September 1965)
TextOn 15 September 1965, Pierre Pescatore, Secretary-General of the Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign Affairs, sends a confidential note to the Luxembourg diplomatic missions in Europe and to some international organisations in which he sets out the reactions of Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Foreign Minister, following the press conference held by General de Gaulle in which he adopted a very critical stance towards the European Communities.
Address given by Pierre Werner on Luxembourg and the empty chair crisis (New York, 30 September 1965)
TextOn 30 September 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Belgian Chamber of Commerce in New York in which he expresses, in particular, his faith in Luxembourg's future in Europe and outlines the principles which form the basis of a solution to the empty chair crisis.
Note from Nicolas Hommel concerning French views on the empty chair crisis (Paris, 10 November 1965)
TextOn 10 November 1965, Nicolas Hommel, Luxembourg Ambassador to France, sends a note to Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, in which he explains the arguments put forward by France to justify its empty chair policy.
Luxembourg Government reaction to the empty chair crisis (Luxembourg, 12 November 1965)
TextOn 12 November 1965, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, informs the Belgian Foreign Minister, Paul-Henri Spaak, of the guiding principles of the Luxembourg Government regarding some of the issues raised by the empty chair crisis.
Address given by Pierre Werner on Luxembourg and the empty chair crisis (Luxembourg, 6 January 1966)
TextOn 6 January 1966, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, gives an address to the Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies in which he outlines, in particular, the causes of the empty chair crisis and sets out the position adopted by his country in order to overcome the political and institutional tensions which have divided France and its European Community partners since 30 June 1965.
Address given by Pierre Werner to the European Parliament (20 January 1966)
TextOn 20 January 1966, in Strasbourg, taking part in an exchange of views between the Community institutions on the empty chair crisis, Pierre Werner, Luxembourg Foreign Minister and President-in-Office of the Council of Ministers of the European Communities, outlines the nature of the activities of the Council and the Communities since 30 June 1965, with particular regard to tariffs and agriculture. He then gives an account of the efforts made in Luxembourg on 17 and 18 January, by the Foreign Ministers of the Six, to resolve the crisis.
Schlußkommuniqué der außerordentlichen Tagung des Ministerrats (Luxemburg, 29. Januar 1966)
TextDie Übereinkommen von Luxemburg von Januar 1966 sehen verschiedene praktische Modalitäten der Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Rat und der Kommission vor (vgl. „Zweiter Teil der Ratstagung (28. und 29.01.1966): a) Zusammenarbeit zwischen Rat und Kommission“).
Council press release on the arrangements for cooperation between the Council and the Commission (29 January 1966)
TextOn 29 January 1966, after an extraordinary meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Six in Luxembourg, chaired by Pierre Werner, a press release is issued on the decisions taken on future relations between the Council and the European Commission with a view to bringing an end to the empty chair crisis which has paralysed Community operations since the breakdown of negotiations on the night of 30 June 1965.
Pierre Werner, Luxembourg and European meanderings
TextIn his memoirs, Pierre Werner, former Prime Minister of Luxembourg, recalls the course of the negotiations which, in January 1966, led to the Luxembourg institutional compromise that enabled the empty chair crisis to be brought to an end.
'Der Luxemburger Kompromiss' von Georges Levhat (RTL, 30. Januar 1966)
Audio extractNach dem außerordentlichen Ministerrat der Sechs in Luxemburg am 29. Januar 1966 spricht der luxemburgischer Premierminister und Außenminister Pierre Werner über die Tragweite des politischen Kompromisses, der der Politik des leeren Stuhls ein Ende setzt. Sechs Monate lang hatte Frankreich die Sitzungen der Organe der Gemeinschaft boykottiert, in denen die Regierungen vertreten sind.
Die Politik des leeren Stuhls (Pathé, Januar 1966)
VideoAm 17.-18. und 28.-29. Januar 1966 versammelt sich der Ministerrat der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (EWG) zu einer außerordentlichen Sitzung in Luxemburg und hört die Forderungen Frankreichs bezüglich der Umsetzung der Regel zur Abstimmung mit qualifizierter Mehrheit und der Rolle der Europäischen Kommission. Der „Luxemburger Kompromiss" beendet somit die „Politik des leeren Stuhls", die Frankreich seit dem 30. Juni 1965 praktizierte.