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Sammlung „Oral history of European integration“
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Oral history of European integration
>
Oral history of European integration
>
AMATO (Giuliano)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, grand commis de l'État
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and his work at the Italian Ministry of the Economy and Finance
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa: a networker
>
Transcription of the interview
>
BAHR (Egon)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Germany: from defeat to the beginnings of European integration
>
The new ‘Ostpolitik’ of Willy Brandt
>
The Federal Republic of Germany and European integration from 1966 to 1974
>
Franco-German relations from General de Gaulle to Georges Pompidou
>
Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt and European integration
>
BALDOCCI (Pasquale Antonio)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The Rome Treaties and the expectations of the Italian authorities
>
BARÓN CRESPO (Enrique)
>
Notice biographique
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Background and professional career during the transition and negotiations for accession to the European Communities
>
Theoretical influences on his pro-European approach
>
Key factors in the development of his commitment to human rights
>
Concomitance between the transition to democracy and the negotiations for Spain’s accession to the European Communities
>
The stages in his career at the European Parliament
>
The eastward enlargement of the European Union and the reunification of the continent after the Cold War
>
His experience in the Party of European Socialists
>
The information society, the European integration process and the development of participatory democracy in Europe
>
The principles of European federalism and the case of Spain’s autonomous communities
>
The Constitutional Treaty and the Treaty of Lisbon
>
The principles and values of the European integration process
>
Interinstitutional relations within the European Union
>
The external relations of the European Union — regional integration and the global dimension of the European integration process
>
Economic and Monetary Union
>
Spain and the European integration process
>
Transcription of the interview
>
BERNARD-REYMOND (Pierre)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
France’s European policy
>
The accession negotiations with Greece, Spain, Portugal and Romania
>
The development of the powers and role of the European Parliament
>
The French Senate and European issues
>
Future prospects of the European Union
>
Transcription of the interview
>
BERTHOIN (Georges)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The early days of the ECSC High Authority (1952–1955)
>
The High Authority’s relations with European industry and trade unions
>
The Association Agreement between the High Authority and the United Kingdom
>
The two failed British applications for accession to the Communities (1963 and 1967)
>
The empty chair crisis and the Luxembourg Compromise
>
The United Kingdom’s accession to the Communities in 1973
>
BORRELL FONTELLES (Josep)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The origins of his European vocation
>
The negotiations for Spain’s accession to the European Communities
>
His experience in the Spanish Cortes Joint Committee for European Union Affairs
>
The development of pro-European sentiment in Spain
>
His experience in the Convention on the Future of Europe
>
The Treaty of Lisbon, the economic crisis and the European Union’s foreign relations
>
His experience as President of the European Parliament — challenges, influences and future prospects
>
The eastward enlargement of the European Union and the borders of the European project
>
The contribution made by the Socialist Group in the European Parliament
>
Relations between the European Parliament and national parliaments
>
The role of the European Parliament in structuring institutional relations in the European Union
>
The challenge of communicating about the European project
>
Future plans
>
Spain’s contribution to the European integration process
>
Transcription of the interview
>
BREUER (Albert)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The logistical preparations for the Val Duchesse negotiations and the signing of the Rome Treaties
>
BRU PURÓN (Carlos María)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The origins and development of the Spanish Federal Council of the European Movement in Franco's Spain
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The transition to democracy and Spain's accession to the European Communities
>
Experience in the European Parliament
>
The development of pro-European sentiment in Spain
>
The Spanish Federal Council of the European Movement and the challenges of today's Europe
>
European Union enlargement
>
The boundaries of European integration
>
European federalism and the Spanish autonomous model
>
New technologies and participatory democracy in Europe
>
Spain's contribution to the European integration process
>
Trancription of the interview
>
CAMDESSUS (Michel)
>
Interview conducted on 6 February 2015
>
Photos of the interview
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa’s activities at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs
>
The Palais Royal initiative
>
Transcription of the interview
>
Interview conducted on 8 October 2015
>
Family background and education
>
The French Treasury and the European integration process
>
At the Banque de France
>
The IMF’s policy following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the global financial crises
>
The development of the international monetary system
>
CAMERON (Colin)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The role and operation of the WEU Assembly
>
The tasks of the WEU Assembly
>
Relations between the WEU Assembly and the WEU Council
>
Relations between the WEU Assembly and Secretary-General
>
The WEU Assembly’s contacts with WEAG and WEAO
>
The links between the WEU Assembly and other parliamentary assemblies
>
The military operations led by WEU
>
The WEU Assembly and the general public
>
The links between the WEU Assembly and the European Union
>
Transcription of the interview
>
CLAES (Willy)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The origins of his commitment to Europe
>
The oil crisis in the 1970s and the Davignon Plan for industry
>
Policy and organisation in European affairs in Belgium
>
The Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Communities (1993)
>
On various Belgian figures
>
The fall of the Berlin Wall
>
The Party of European Socialists
>
European defence and NATO
>
NATO, the European Union and the conflict in the former Yugoslavia
>
NATO and openness to the East
>
Conclusions
>
Transcription of the interview
>
COLLOWALD (Paul)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The Council of Europe and the early days of European unification
>
The European Communities and their information policy
>
The European Parliament
>
CRESSON (Édith)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The European Parliament from 1979 to 1981
>
France and the common agricultural policy
>
France’s trade policy and the European Economic Community
>
France’s influence in the European institutions
>
‘Variable geometry’ European integration
>
The European Commission from 1995 to 1999
>
DAVIGNON (Étienne)
>
Interviews held on 11 December 2007 and 14 January 2008
>
Photos of the interview
>
The empty chair crisis
>
Paul-Henri Spaak’s European commitment
>
The question of British accession to the European Communities and the ‘Harmel Report’
>
The Hague Summit in 1969
>
Pierre Werner and the Werner Report
>
The ‘Davignon Report’
>
The European Communities and the 1973 oil crisis
>
The ‘Davignon Plan’
>
The establishment of an industrial policy at Community level
>
His work at the Commission of the European Communities
>
Transcription of the interview
>
Interview held on 10 January 2013
>
Photo of the interview
>
The personality and achievements of Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
>
Transcription de l'interview
>
DELORS (Jacques)
>
Interview held on 16 December 2009
>
Photos of the interview
>
Excerpts from the interview (part 1) — Jacques Delors’s thinking on Europe in the light of the Lisbon Treaty
>
Jacques Delors, Founder President of the think tank
>
The concept of a ‘federation of nation states’ and the Community method
>
The Lisbon Treaty and the institutional reform of the European Union
>
The role of the national parliaments after the Lisbon Treaty
>
The European Convention and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
>
The way forward for the procedure for revising the Treaties relating to the European Union
>
The ‘spillover’ theory
>
Differentiated integration and enhanced cooperation
>
The EU's frontiers and Turkey's application for membership
>
Excerpts from the interview (part 2) — Jacques Delors's career before his appointment as President of the European Commission
>
The origins of Jacques Delors's interest in European integration
>
The influence of the personalist movement
>
Activities and training at the National Planning Board
>
Jacques Chaban-Delmas, social dialogue and ‘New Society’
>
Early experience in the European Communities and role as Member of the European Parliament
>
European political parties
>
Excerpts from the interview (part 3) — Jacques Delors, President of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995
>
Appointment as President of the European Commission
>
The Single European Act
>
The accession of Spain and Portugal to the EU
>
The fall of the Berlin Wall
>
The negotiations on the Maastricht Treaty
>
The subsidiarity principle
>
The work of the ‘Delors Committee' on Economic and Monetary Union
>
The coordination of economic policies and the 1993 White Paper
>
The non-participation of some Member States in the single currency
>
The ‘Delors Packages'
>
A review of the Delors Commission and the Delors method
>
Transcription of the interview
>
Interview held on 3 April 2013
>
Photos of the interview
>
The personality and achievements of Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
>
Transcription of the interview
>
DEPREZ (Gérard)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Early interest in the European idea
>
The European People’s Party
>
The role and operation of the European Parliament
>
The European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
>
Thoughts on the future
>
Trancription of the interview
>
DUBOIS (André)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The workings and powers of the ECSC Special Council of Ministers
>
The Secretariat of the ECSC Special Council of Ministers and the revival of European integration
>
The workings and powers of the Council of the European Communities
>
EHRING (Hubert)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The Federal Republic of Germany and the coal and steel pool in Western Europe
>
The Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom
>
The Legal Service of the Commission of the European Economic Community
>
The Directorate-General for Financial Control of the Commission of the European Communities
>
EYSKENS (Mark)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The origins of a commitment to Europe
>
The first European issues
>
At the Ecofin Council in the 1980s
>
On Pierre Werner, Helmut Schmidt, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Hans-Dietrich Genscher and Margaret Thatcher
>
The upheavals in Eastern Europe following the fall of the Berlin Wall
>
The Assembly of the Council of Europe
>
The Charter of Paris for a New Europe (CSCE, 1990)
>
The Treaty of Maastricht on European Union
>
The institutional development of the European Union
>
Policy and organisation in Belgium in the area of European affairs
>
The role of Belgium and the other small states in the EU
>
An assessment of the European integration process
>
Transcription of the interview
>
FLAHAUT (André)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The origins of his commitment to Europe
>
Belgium and European defence policy
>
The establishment of a 'Europe of defence'
>
Transcription of the interview
>
FONTAINE (Nicole)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Member of the European Parliament from 1984 to 1991
>
The Treaty on European Union and a citizens’ Europe
>
The role of the European Parliament Conciliation Committee
>
Vice-President of the European Parliament from 1989 to 1999
>
President of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2002
>
FRANÇOIS-PONCET (Jean)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The European revival and the Rome Treaties
>
The first elections to the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage
>
France’s European policy under President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
>
France’s policy towards the Eastern bloc
>
The reform of the European institutions: from the European Convention to the Treaty of Lisbon
>
FRIEDEN (Luc)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Luc Frieden on the personality and European achievements of Pierre Werner
>
The role of Luxembourg and its prominent figures in the European integration process
>
Transcription of the interview
>
GEREMEK (Bronislaw)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth and training
>
The creation and work of
Solidarność
and the peaceful transition in Poland
>
Poland’s accession to the European Union
>
The European Union: limits and identity
>
Trancription of the interview
>
GIL-ROBLES GIL-DELGADO (José María)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The relationship between the democratic transition and Spain's accession to the European Communities
>
Euro-Mediterranean policy and immigration policy
>
The introduction of the euro in Spain
>
The principle of solidarity and the plan for a European Constitution
>
European cultural heritage and the fundamental elements of a common European identity
>
Spain's role in relations between Latin America and the European Union
>
The role of Spanish regions in the European integration process
>
Spain's contributions to European integration and the personal significance of Europe
>
Trancription of the interview
>
GISCARD D’ESTAING (Valéry)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The origins of the Convention and the appointment of its Chairman
>
Those involved in the Convention
>
The Convention method and its future
>
Three sensitive subjects: the war in Iraq, the reference to Christianity and the EU's borders
>
The result of the Convention: the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
>
The future of the European Union
>
Epilogue
>
Transcription of the interview
>
GODAL (Bjørn Tore)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Norway’s rejection by referendum of accession to the European Communities (1972)
>
The plan for a Nordic customs union (Nordek)
>
The fourth enlargement of the European Union and the second referendum in Norway (1994)
>
GOEBBELS (Robert)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Childhood, youth and education
>
His early career and political offices
>
Luxembourg State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Cooperation and State Secretary for Small Businesses (1984–1989)
>
Minister for the Economy, Minister for Public Works (1989–1999), Minister for Transport (1989–1994), Minister for Energy (1994–1999)
>
Member of the European Parliament (1999–2014)
>
The development of the European Union and the prospects for Luxembourg as an EU Member State
>
GOERENS (Charles)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The role and operation of the WEU Assembly after the revitalisation in 1984
>
The development of WEU and the positions of its Assembly after the revitalisation in 1984
>
The development of WEU and its Assembly after the Treaties of Maastricht (1992) and Amsterdam (1997)
>
The institutional operation of WEU and the transfer of powers to the European Union (1999–2000)
>
The subsidiary bodies of WEU
>
The military operations led by WEU
>
WEU and its Assembly: analysis and prospects
>
Transcription de l'interview
>
GOUZY (Jean-Pierre)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Movements for European unity in the aftermath of the Second World War
>
The Hague Congress
>
The French Union of Federalists
>
The International Centre for European Training
>
The Association of European Journalists
>
GUIGOU (Élisabeth)
>
Interview held on 29 September 2008
>
Photos of the interview
>
French administrations and European affairs
>
Keeping France in the European Monetary System and the Fontainebleau revival
>
The role of the Secretariat-General of the Interministerial Committee for Questions on European Economic Cooperation (SGCI)
>
The road to Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
>
The European Union in crisis
>
Transcription of the interview
>
Interview held on 7 February 2013
>
Photos de l'interview
>
The personality and achievements of Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
>
Transcription of the interview
>
GUTMANN (Francis)
>
Interview with Francis Gutmann — Part 1 — France and the European integration process (Paris, 10 September 2014) (Length: 00:22:07)
>
France and the revival of the European integration process
>
The French Government’s handling of European issues and the role of the SGCI
>
France and the accession of Spain to the European Communities
>
Interview with Francis Gutmann — Part 2 — France and Western European Union (Paris, 10 September 2014) (Length: 00:45:11)
>
The establishment of WEU and its relationship with NATO
>
The nuclear question and the Euromissiles crisis
>
From the southern Mediterranean to Afghanistan: NATO’s ‘out-of-area’ operations, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and energy supply
>
WEU and armaments issues
>
The revival of WEU and an evaluation of its achievements
>
OTTO VON HABSBURG-LOTHRINGEN
>
Short biography
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi and the idea of ‘Pan-Europe’
>
An account of Jean Monnet and Charles de Gaulle
>
The fifth enlargement: the new members of the European Union in 2004
>
HANSEN (Albert)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Le groupe Werner et le plan Werner
>
Pierre Werner l’Européen
>
La personnalité de Pierre Werner
>
Trancription of the interview
>
IOZZO (Alfonso)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa’s early work at the European Commission
>
The Maastricht Treaty
>
The importance Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa placed on regulation
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa au ministère italien de l’Économie et des Finances
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa et l’idéal européen
>
Transcription of the interview
>
ISRAEL (Edmond)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Pierre Werner and his role in the emergence of the international financial centre and the satellite project in Luxembourg
>
Transcription of the interview
>
JUNCKER (Jean-Claude)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Pierre Werner, architect of European integration
>
The road to EMU: from the Delors Report to the Treaty of Maastricht
>
The Stability and Growth Pact and the coordination of economic policies
>
EMU: a variable geometry euro zone
>
The future of the euro
>
Luxembourg’s role in the European integration process
>
Jean-Claude Juncker, the European
>
Transcription of the interview
>
KASEL (Jean-Jacques)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The first Lomé Convention
>
Relations between the EEC and the Comecon
>
European Political Cooperation
>
The Luxembourg Presidency of the Council of the European Communities in 1976
>
The second enlargement of the EEC
>
Gaston Thorn and the post of President of the European Commission
>
The Directorate for Budget in the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities
>
The Single European Act
>
The fall of the Berlin Wall
>
The Delors I and II Packages
>
The Treaty on European Union
>
The fourth enlargement of the European Union
>
The Treaty of Amsterdam
>
The fifth enlargement of the European Union
>
KOHNSTAMM (Max)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Germany in the aftermath of the Second World War
>
The early days of the International Authority for the Ruhr and the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
>
The Schuman Declaration and the negotiations leading to the ECSC Treaty
>
The early days of the ECSC High Authority
>
The Committee of the Three Wise Men and the implications of Euratom
>
Jean Monnet and the Action Committee for the United States of Europe
>
LALUMIÈRE (Catherine)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Training in European issues
>
The accession of Spain and Portugal to the European Communities
>
A People’s Europe, the European passport and the Schengen Agreement
>
Negotiations on the Single European Act
>
The Council of Europe and the fall of the Berlin Wall
>
François Mitterrand’s commitment to Europe
>
The working method and achievements of the Convention on the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
>
The accession of Turkey to the European Union
>
LAMASSOURE (Alain)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The origins of his European commitment, particularly during the seven-year presidential term of Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
>
His work in the European Parliament and the Union for a Popular Movement
>
The European People’s Party
>
In the French Government (1993–1997)
>
The Convention on the Future of Europe
>
LAMFALUSSY (Alexandre)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The Bank for International Settlements
>
The work of the ‘Delors Committee’
>
The establishment and work of the European Monetary Institute
>
The Lamfalussy process and the responses to the financial crisis
>
LAROSIÈRE (Jacques de)
>
Interview held on 22 May 2008
>
Photos of the interview
>
The International Monetary System and the end of the Bretton Woods system
>
France’s international and European monetary policy under Georges Pompidou
>
Reactions to the Werner Plan and the creation of the European Monetary System
>
The Delors Committee and Economic and Monetary Union
>
The role of the European Central Bank
>
France’s role in the economic and monetary integration process
>
The role and workings of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
>
The Group of Ten
>
Transcription of the interview
>
Interview held on 25 September 2012
>
Photos of the interview
>
The personality and achievements of Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
>
Transcription of the interview
>
LÜCKER (Hans-August)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The implications of the reform of the agricultural sector in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the 1955 Land Act
>
The Val Duchesse negotiations, Walter Hallstein and Paul-Henri Spaak
>
Sicco Mansholt and the plan to modernise European agriculture
>
The creation of the European People’s Party (EPP)
>
The negotiations for Greece’s accession to the European Communities
>
The negotiations for Spain’s accession to the European Communities
>
The European Parliament
>
LULLING (Astrid)
>
Short biography
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth and education
>
Trade union activities: the Lëtzebuerger Arbechter-Verband and the European Trade Union Secretariat (1949–1965)
>
Her early days in the Chamber of Deputies and the European Parliament (1965–1969)
>
The split in the LSAP and its repercussions on political life in Luxembourg
>
Pierre Werner and the Werner Report (1970)
>
Her fourth term in the Chamber of Deputies: Pierre Werner’s return to power, the Language Law and monetary tension between Belgium and Luxembourg (1979–1984)
>
MARÍN GONZÁLEZ (Manuel)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The transition to democracy and the negotiations for Spanish accession
>
Spain in the European Communities: challenges and opportunities
>
The significance and consequences of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the impact of EU enlargement to the East
>
Spain’s role in relations between Latin America and the European Union and the integration processes in the region
>
Euro-Mediterranean policy and intercultural dialogue
>
The principle of solidarity and the realisation of the plan for a European Constitution
>
The constitutive elements of a common European identity
>
Spain’s contributions to the European integration process and the challenges of today’s Europe
>
Trancription of the interview
>
MARTENS (Wilfried)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Part 1 — co-founder and President of the EPP (1976–2010) (Brussels, 19 May 2010) (length: 01:45:58)
>
The origins of Martens’ interest in Europe
>
The origins and ideological basis of the EPP
>
Leader of the EPP: his personal role and the changing nature of the post
>
The development of the EPP’s composition and stance
>
An assessment of 20 years at the head of the EPP
>
European political parties and national parliaments
>
On various Belgian figures
>
The future of the EU
>
Part 2 — Belgian Prime Minister and Member of the European Council (1979–1992) (Brussels, 2 September 2010) (length: 01:49:31)
>
The development of the role and operation of the European Council
>
Belgian candidates for the post of President of the European Commission
>
Belgian appointments to the European Commission and other senior European posts
>
The Belgian presidencies in 1982 and 1987
>
The Single European Act
>
The European dimension of various Belgian issues
>
The fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification
>
The Maastricht Treaty and political union
>
Organisation and policy in European affairs in Belgium
>
The future of a federal Belgium in the European Union
>
Trancription of the interview
>
MAYSTADT (Philippe)
>
Short biography
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Minister for Finance (1988–1998)
>
The negotiations leading to the Maastricht Treaty
>
The creation and aims of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
>
Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Finance and Foreign Trade (1995–1998)
>
President of the European Investment Bank (EIB) (2000–2011)
>
The Maystadt report on the reform of European governance (2013–2015)
>
MEDEIROS FERREIRA (José Manuel)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The political and historical development of Portugal
>
EFTA and the first agreements with the European Economic Community
>
Portugal’s accession to the Council of Europe
>
Portugal’s accession to the European Communities
>
MEISCH (Adrien)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth and education
>
His early days in the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1957–1958)
>
Consul to New York, Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations and Chargé d’Affaires in Washington (1958–1960)
>
Deputy Permanent Representative to the OECD and to NATO in Paris (1961–1967)
>
Director of the Political Affairs Directorate at the Foreign Ministry (1968–1971)
>
Ambassador to Moscow for the USSR, Poland and Finland (1971–1974)
>
Ambassador to Washington for the United States, Mexico and Canada (1974–1983)
>
Ambassador to Bonn for the FRG (1983–1995)
>
Ambassador to Moscow for Russia (1995–1998)
>
Luxembourg’s development and prospects in the European Union
>
MÉNDEZ DE VIGO (Íñigo)
>
Photos of the interview
>
L'interview
>
Formative experience — the origins of his European vocation
>
Principles and influences in his European career
>
The fundamental values of a common European identity
>
The challenge of communicating about the European project
>
His experience at the European Parliament — views and outlook on institutional development
>
Spain’s European policy
>
The Spanish Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2002
>
Spain as a mediator between the EU and the countries in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East and Latin America
>
The Treaty of Lisbon and the EU’s external relations
>
The impact of the EU’s eastward enlargement on Spain and on the redefining of the boundaries of the European project
>
His experience in the Convention on the Future of Europe
>
Interinstitutional relations within the EU
>
The Europeanisation of the Partido Popular
>
Economic and Monetary Union, the single currency and the identity aspects of the euro
>
The European dimension of the Spanish Autonomous Communities
>
Spain’s contribution to the European integration process
>
Reflections on his contribution to European integration and future plans
>
Conclusions
>
Transcription of the interview
>
MERSCH (Yves)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Yves Mersch on the personality and achievements of Pierre Werner
>
The Werner Plan, the Delors Plan and monetary Europe
>
Pierre Werner and the Société européenne des satellites
>
Transcription of the interview
>
MERTZ (Paul)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth and education
>
His early days in the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1964–1967)
>
Deputy Permanent Representative to the OECD and to NATO in Paris (1967–1970)
>
Deputy Director then Director of the Political Affairs Directorate at the Foreign Ministry (1970–1981)
>
Ambassador to Rome for Italy and Greece (1981–1988)
>
General Secretary in the Foreign Ministry (1988–1991)
>
Ambassador to Paris for France (1991–1998)
>
Luxembourg’s development and prospects in the European Union
>
MISCHO, Jean
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth and training
>
Member of the Legal Service at the Commission of the European Communities
>
Chief Administrator in the Cabinets of Victor Bodson and Albert Borschette at the Commission of the European Communities (1969–1970)
>
The Disputes and Treaties Department of the Political Affairs Directorate at the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1970–1971)
>
The 1969 Hague Summit and the revival of the European integration process
>
Member of the Luxembourg Permanent Representation to the European Communities (1971–1976)
>
At the Political Affairs Directorate of the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1976–1979)
>
Deputy Permanent Representative of Luxembourg to the European Communities (1979–1983)
>
Director of Political and Cultural Affairs at the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1983–1986)
>
Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Communities (1986–1991)
>
Director of Political and Cultural Affairs at the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1991–1992)
>
General Secretary at the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1993–1997)
>
Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Communities (1997–2003)
>
Luxembourg’s development and prospects in the European Union
>
MOLITOR (Édouard)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth and education
>
Deputy Secretary General of the Atlantic Treaty Association in London (1956–1959)
>
Employed for services in the General Secretariat of the ECSC Special Council of Ministers (1956–1959)
>
His early days in the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1960–1961)
>
The ‘Protocol, Legal Affairs, Chancellery and General Administration’ section at the Foreign Ministry (1962–1963)
>
Legation Secretary then Legation Counsellor at the Luxembourg Embassy in Paris (1964–1969), Deputy Permanent Representative to the OECD and Liaison Officer with UNESCO (1967–1969)
>
Legation Counsellor at the Luxembourg Embassy in Brussels (1969–1973) and Consul General to Brussels (1970–1973)
>
Director of the ‘Protocol, Disputes, Chancellery and Administrative Affairs’ Directorate at the Foreign Ministry (1973–1979)
>
Non-Resident Ambassador to the Holy See (1975–1979)
>
Ambassador to Vienna for Austria and Permanent Representative to the United Nations (1978–1989)
>
Ambassador to London for the United Kingdom, Ireland and Iceland and Permanent Representative to Western European Union (WEU) (1989–1992)
>
Ambassador to Rome for Italy (1992–1996) and Malta (1994–1996) and Permanent Representative to FAO, WFP, IFAD and IMO
>
Diplomatic activities after 1996 and post-diplomatic activities
>
MOSCOVICI (Pierre)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The beginnings of his involvement in politics
>
His experience at the European Parliament and the European Movement
>
France’s European policy from 1997 to 2002
>
The work of the European Convention
>
From the draft constitutional treaty to the Treaty of Lisbon
>
Transcription of the interview
>
MUYSER (Guy DE)
>
Photos de l'interview
>
The interview
>
Family background, youth and education
>
Section I for Political Affairs at the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1956–1961)
>
Section II for International Economic Relations at the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1961–1969)
>
The person of Pierre Werner
>
The question of the seats of the European institutions in Luxembourg
>
Secretary and Head of Cabinet of Grand Duke Jean and Marshal of the Grand Ducal Court (1969–1981)
>
Ambassador to Moscow for the USSR, Poland, Finland and Mongolia (1981–1986)
>
Ambassador to Brussels for Belgium and Permanent Representative to NATO (1986–1991)
>
Reflections on Luxembourg’s foreign policy and activities after the end of his diplomatic career
>
NOTHOMB (Charles-Ferdinand)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview conducted on 9 July 2002
>
Excerpts from the interview conducted on 9 July 2002
>
Interview conducted on 2 June 2010
>
Interior Minister (1981–1986)
>
Foreign Minister (1980–1981)
>
President of the Chamber of Representatives (1979–1980; 1988–1995)
>
Euro-Mediterranean and Euro-Arab relations
>
Belgium and the European integration process
>
Transcription of the interview
>
Interview conducted on 8 June 2010
>
Pierre Werner, the European elections in 1979 and his time in the Opposition
>
Relations between Belgium and Luxembourg
>
Transcription of the interview
>
NOYER (Christian)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The personality of Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
>
The operation of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa’s work at the Executive Board of the European Central Bank
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and his work at the Italian Ministry of the Economy and Finance
>
Transcription of the interview
>
OLIVI (Bino)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Italy and the Rome Treaties
>
The post of spokesman of the Commission of the European Economic Community (EEC)
>
The EEC Commission and the empty chair crisis
>
OREJA AGUIRRE (Marcelino)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
His training, diplomatic career and political commitment to establishing closer relations with the European Communities
>
The democratic transition and the opening of negotiations for Spain’s accession to the European Communities
>
His experience in the European Parliament and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
>
His experience as Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Member of the European Parliament and European Commissioner
>
The significance and consequences of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the impact of EU enlargement for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe
>
Les relations extérieures de l'Union européenne avec la Russie, les États-Unis et l'Amérique latine
>
European principles and procedures, Economic and Monetary Union, the CFSP and the challenge of the Constitutional Treaty
>
Fundamental values, the development of a common European identity, Spain’s contributions to the European integration process and the challenges facing today’s Europe
>
Trancription of the interview
>
PESCATORE (Pierre)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview held on 10 September 2003
>
The Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom
>
The work of the Drafting Committee at the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom
>
The signing of the Rome Treaties
>
The Court of Justice of the European Communities
>
The empty chair crisis and the consequences of the Luxembourg Compromise
>
Interview held on 11 February 2009
>
His early diplomatic career
>
The development of the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry
>
The Rome Treaties, the Fouchet Plans and the empty chair crisis
>
His university career
>
Judge at the Court of Justice of the European Communities
>
Looking back over his professional life
>
POOS (Jacques F.)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Le Système monétaire européen
>
Le Parlement européen
>
L’Acte unique européen
>
Les innovations du traité de Maastricht
>
La multiplication des traités
>
De la coopération politique européenne à la PESC
>
Les présidences semestrielles du Conseil
>
L’Union européenne et les organisations européennes de coopération
>
Le cinquième élargissement de l’Union européenne
>
Le Luxembourg dans la construction européenne
>
PRODI (Romano)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa: a great public servant
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and his work at the Italian Ministry of the Economy and Finance
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and his European vision
>
Transcription of the interview
>
PUJOL (Jordi)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Federalist ideas and the development of a pro-European sentiment in Spain and Catalonia
>
The fundamental principles of a European constitution and the European welfare state model
>
The ‘four motors of Europe', the Committee of the Regions and the role of Catalan nationalist parties in this context
>
The Treaty of Lisbon and the European challenges of enlargement, Euro-Mediterranean policy and immigration policies
>
The constituent elements of a common European identity
>
Trancription of the interview
>
RABIER (Jacques-René)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Jean Monnet: sa méthode de travail et ses relations avec ses collaborateurs
>
Le Plan Schuman
>
La Haute Autorité de la CECA
>
La politique d’information de la CECA, puis des Communautés européennes
>
L’Eurobaromètre: origine, conception et objectifs
>
Mythes et images d’Europe
>
REDING (Viviane)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview with Viviane Reding - Part 1 (Sanem, 22 May 2015)
>
Childhood, youth and education
>
Her early political career
>
Member of the Chamber of Deputies: 1979–1989
>
Member of the European Parliament: 1989–1999
>
At the European Commission: 1999–2014
>
Luxembourg and the European integration process
>
Transcription of the interview
>
Interview with Viviane Reding — Part 2 (Sanem, 11 September 2015)
>
The circumstances surrounding the establishment of the Prodi Commission (1999)
>
Her action as European Commissioner for Education and Culture (1999–2004)
>
Her action as European Commissioner for Youth and Sport (1999–2004)
>
Her action as European Commissioner for the Information Society and Media (2004–2010)
>
Her action as European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (2010–2014)
>
Transcription of the interview
>
Interview with Viviane Reding — Part 3 (Sanem, 4 December 2015)
>
The digital and knowledge economy
>
The development of the European Commission
>
Enlargement, identity and borders
>
The future of the European Union
>
RENCKI (Georges)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Preparations for the common agricultural policy
>
The introduction and early days of the common agricultural policy
>
The common agricultural policy and regional policy
>
Reforms of the common agricultural policy and the enlargement of the EU to 27
>
Transcription of the interview
>
RICARD-NIHOUL (Gaëtane)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa’s work as Chairman of the ‘Notre Europe’ think tank
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and his work at the Italian Ministry of the Economy and Finance
>
The personality of Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
>
Transcription of the interview
>
RIEBEN (Henri)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Excerpts from the interview
>
ROBIN (Gabriel)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
France’s European policy in the era of General de Gaulle
>
Georges Pompidou and France’s European policy
>
France’s European and international policy during the presidential term of Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
>
France, European defence policy and NATO
>
Transcription of the interview
>
ROTH (Lex)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The personality of Pierre Werner
>
The Luxembourgish language as a defining element in Luxembourg’s identity
>
Luxembourg and Europe
>
Trancription of the interview
>
RUPPERT (Charles)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Charles Ruppert on the personality and achievements of Pierre Werner
>
Transcription of the interview
>
RUTTEN (Charles)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The
Nouvelles Équipes Internationales
>
The Hague Congress
>
Benelux cooperation
>
The European Defence Community
>
The European revival and the Rome Treaties
>
The issue of the seat of the European Communities’ institutions
>
The Netherlands Permanent Representation in the Council of the European Economic Community
>
The agricultural marathons
>
The first EEC Association Agreements with Greece and Turkey
>
The European policy of General de Gaulle and the empty chair crisis
>
European Political Cooperation
>
SACCOMANNI (Fabrizio)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth and education
>
Economist at the Bank of Italy (1967–1970) and at the International Monetary Fund (1970–1975)
>
Assigned to the Research Department, Head of the Office for International Monetary and Financial Issues (1975–1984) and Head of the Foreign Department (1984–1997) at the Bank of Italy
>
The Delors Committee and the Delors Report
>
The introduction of the euro in Italy
>
The euro zone crises
>
Italian Minister for Economic Affairs and Finance (2013–2014)
>
Conclusions
>
Transcritption of the interview
>
SANTER (Jacques)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The European Parliament
>
The European People’s Party
>
Intergovernmental conferences and the Presidencies of the Council of the European Communities
>
Preparations for the Single European Act
>
European uncertainty as regards German unification
>
The Treaty on European Union
>
Economic and monetary questions in a united Europe
>
The circumstances surrounding his appointment as President of the European Commission
>
The fifth enlargement of the European Union
>
The Treaty of Amsterdam
>
The resignation en bloc of the European Commission in 1999
>
The European Convention
>
SCHEICH (Manfred)
>
Photo of the interview
>
The interview
>
An overview of his diplomatic career
>
Austria’s relations with the European Communities in the 1980s
>
The process leading to Austria’s accession to the European Union and the concept of the global approach
>
Austria in the European Union
>
The European Union after the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon
>
His activities after 1999
>
Transcription of the interview
>
SCHOUTHEETE (Philippe DE)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Excerpts from the interview (part 1) — 1956-1985
>
The beginnings of his diplomatic career and cooperation between the Benelux countries
>
France’s European policy (1958–1961)
>
On some leading Belgian figures of the 1950s
>
Three years in Cairo
>
The 1966 Luxembourg Compromise
>
Pierre Harmel, NATO and WEU
>
The prospect of Spanish accession to the European Communities
>
The Tindemans Report (1975)
>
European affairs at the Foreign Ministry (1976–1981)
>
The 1982 Belgian Presidency and the Stuttgart Declaration of June 1983
>
Excerpts from the interview (part 2) — 1985-1995
>
The Single Act, political cooperation and the 1987 Belgian Presidency
>
Belgium’s organisation and policy vis-à-vis European issues
>
Coreper
>
The early days of the single market and the Delors I package
>
The fall of the Berlin Wall
>
The Treaty of Maastricht
>
The 1993 Belgian Presidency
>
The achievements of the Delors Commission
>
The war in the Balkans
>
Excerpts from the interview (part 3) — 1995-2010
>
Enlargement to Fifteen and the Ioannina Compromise
>
The Treaty of Amsterdam
>
The Treaty of Nice
>
The beginnings of a constitutional process
>
The European Commission's role in the work of the European Convention
>
The institutional reforms introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon and the origins of these reforms
>
A look back at the failure of the European Constitution and its consequences
>
The end and the means
>
Transcription of the interview
>
SCHWAIGER (Norbert)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The Council Press Service and transparency
>
The work of the Council and its Secretariat
>
The changing role of the Secretary-General
>
The Council’s relations with the European Parliament
>
The European Council
>
The reform of the Council
>
The successive Council sites
>
SILVA LOPES (José DA)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Portugal, a member of the European Free Trade Association
>
Portugal’s application for accession to the European Communities
>
Portugal’s economic and monetary development
>
Portugal’s accession to the European Communities
>
The granting of Community aid to Portugal
>
Portugal’s economy and finances since Maastricht
>
The Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union
>
The Lisbon Strategy
>
SNOY ET D'OPPUERS (Bernard)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Economic Adviser at the European Commission (1986–1988)
>
The composition and work of the Delors Committee
>
Belgium and the Maastricht Treaty negotiations — The creation of the EBRD
>
The World Bank and the transition of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe to a market economy
>
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in the 1990s
>
The Working Table on ‘Economic reconstruction, development and cooperation’ within the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe
>
The European League for Economic Cooperation and Robert Triffin International
>
Overall assessment and conclusions
>
STEICHEN (René)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Pierre Werner, statesman
>
Trancription of the interview
>
THORN (Gaston)
>
Interview
>
European parliamentary assemblies
>
Europe in the world
>
Benelux cooperation
>
Luxembourg in Europe
>
The United Kingdom’s accession to the Communities in 1973
>
The question of Turkish accession
>
THYGESEN (Niels)
>
Short biography
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth and education
>
Danish Ministry of Economic Affairs (1961–1964), Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Copenhagen (1964–1969) and Economic Adviser to the Treasury of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (1969–1971)
>
Head of Monetary Division and Studies at the OECD, Paris (1971–1973), Adviser to the Governor of the Danmarks Nationalbank (1973–1983) and Chairman of the Danish Economic Council (1983–1985)
>
Member of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Union in the European Communities – the ‘Delors Committee’ (1988–1989)
>
The Delors Report
>
Conclusions
>
TIETMEYER (Hans)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The Werner Report
>
Transcription of the interview
>
TINDEMANS (Leo)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Formative years
>
Memories of Jean Monnet
>
Christian democracy and European integration
>
The Paris Summit and the Tindemans Report on European Union
>
The United Kingdom and Europe
>
Benelux cooperation
>
The European Union’s attitude to Turkey
>
The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
>
TRICHET (Jean-Claude)
>
Photos of the interview
>
L'interview
>
The personality of Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa’s work at the European Central Bank
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and his work at the Italian Ministry of the Economy and Finance
>
Transcription of the interview
>
UNWIN (Sir Brian)
>
Short biography
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Youth, education and entry into the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (1960–1968)
>
The United Kingdom on the road to membership of the European Communities (1968–1975)
>
The British rebate, the Fontainebleau Summit (1984), the Single European Act and Margaret Thatcher (1978–1987)
>
Chairman of the Board of HM Customs and Excise (1987–1993) and member of the Customs Cooperation Council (1992–1993)
>
President of the European Investment Bank (1993–1999)
>
Pierre Werner and Luxembourg
>
Prospects for the United Kingdom in the European Union
>
Trancription of the interview
>
VAN EEKELEN (Willem)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The WEU Permanent Council in the 1960s
>
WEU and the United Kingdom’s accession to the European Communities
>
Relations between WEU and NATO in the 1960s
>
The ‘empty chair crisis' within the WEU Council (1969–1970)
>
The links between WEU and European Political Cooperation in the 1970s
>
The reactivation of WEU in 1984
>
The role of armaments agencies within WEU
>
The 1987 Hague Platform and the European defence identity
>
The role of the WEU Secretary-General (1989–1994)
>
The question of the seat of WEU
>
The new WEU subsidiary bodies (1989–1996)
>
The WEU Member States and their statuses
>
WEU after the Treaties of Maastricht (1992) and Amsterdam (1997)
>
The military operations led by WEU
>
The operational forces of WEU
>
WEU: analysis and prospects
>
VASCONCELOS (Álvaro de)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Portugal and the European Union
>
Portugal and WEU
>
The workings of WEU, the gradual transfer of its powers to the European Union and its contribution to European defence
>
WEU’s contribution to a European Union foreign policy
>
European Union foreign policy in the southern Mediterranean and Latin America
>
The European security and defence policy and the role of France and the United Kingdom
>
Transcription of the interview
>
VÉDRINE (Hubert)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
François Mitterrand’s European policy
>
Minister for Foreign Affairs (1997–2002)
>
The reform of the European institutions: from the Treaty of Amsterdam to the Treaty of Lisbon
>
VERSCHUER (Helmut von)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The early plans for a common agricultural policy
>
The establishment of the common agricultural policy (CAP)
>
The beginnings and first reform of the common agricultural policy
>
The common agricultural policy and the enlargements of the European Union
>
Transcription of the interview
>
VISCO (Ignazio)
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
The personality of Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa’s work at the Bank of Italy and his economic vision
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and his work at the Italian Ministry of the Economy and Finance
>
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and his European vision
>
Transcription of the interview
>
VITORINO (António)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union
>
The Lisbon Strategy
>
From the Constitutional Treaty to the Treaty of Lisbon
>
The area of freedom, security and justice
>
The European Commission
>
Relations between the European Parliament and the national parliaments
>
Portugal’s accession to the European Communities
>
WELLENSTEIN (Edmund)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The post-war years (1945–1950)
>
Dutch diplomacy and the beginnings of the European integration process (1950–1953)
>
The early years at the ECSC High Authority (1953–1956)
>
Relations between the ECSC High Authority and the United States, and the GATT trade negotiations
>
The position of the ECSC High Authority during the European revival and the empty chair crisis (1956–1965)
>
Director-General for Foreign Trade at the European Commission (1967–1970)
>
Towards the first enlargement of the European Communities (1970–1973)
>
Director-General for External Relations at the European Commission (1973–1976)
>
Achievements and future prospects
>
WERNER (Henri)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
The personality of Pierre Werner
>
Pierre Werner, the Werner Report and monetary Europe
>
Transcription of the interview
>
WERNER (Marie-Anne)
>
Photos of the interview
>
Interview
>
Le rapport Werner et l’Europe monétaire
>
Transcription of the interview
>
WEYLAND (Joseph)
>
Short biography
>
Photos of the interview
>
The interview
>
Family background, youth and studies
>
Entry into the Political Affairs Directorate (Directorate I) of the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1968–1969)
>
At the Luxembourg Embassy in Bonn (1969–1972)
>
The Luxembourg Presidency of the Council of the European Communities in 1972
>
At the Protocol and Administrative Affairs Directorate of the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1972–1976)
>
In the Luxembourg Permanent Representation to the European Communities (1976–1979)
>
At the Economic Relations and Cooperation Directorate of the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1979–1983)
>
Permanent Representative of Luxembourg to the United Nations in New York (1983–1984)
>
Permanent Representative of Luxembourg to the European Communities in Brussels (1984–1991)
>
The IGC on Political Union in 1991
>
General Secretary in the Luxembourg Foreign Ministry (1991–1993)
>
Ambassador in London for the United Kingdom, Ireland and Iceland (1993–2002)
>
The preparation of the Westendorp Report in 1995
>
Ambassador in Brussels for Belgium and Permanent Representative of Luxembourg to NATO (2003–2005)
>
Ambassador in Washington for the United States, Canada and Mexico (2005–2008)
>
Luxembourg’s development and prospects in the European Union
AMATO (Giuliano)
BAHR (Egon)
BALDOCCI (Pasquale Antonio)
BARÓN CRESPO (Enrique)
BERNARD-REYMOND (Pierre)
BERTHOIN (Georges)
BORRELL FONTELLES (Josep)
BREUER (Albert)
BRU PURÓN (Carlos María)
CAMDESSUS (Michel)
CAMERON (Colin)
CLAES (Willy)
COLLOWALD (Paul)
CRESSON (Édith)
DAVIGNON (Étienne)
DELORS (Jacques)
DEPREZ (Gérard)
DUBOIS (André)
EHRING (Hubert)
EYSKENS (Mark)
FLAHAUT (André)
FONTAINE (Nicole)
FRANÇOIS-PONCET (Jean)
FRIEDEN (Luc)
GEREMEK (Bronislaw)
GIL-ROBLES GIL-DELGADO (José María)
GISCARD D’ESTAING (Valéry)
GODAL (Bjørn Tore)
GOEBBELS (Robert)
GOERENS (Charles)
GOUZY (Jean-Pierre)
GUIGOU (Élisabeth)
GUTMANN (Francis)
HANSEN (Albert)
IOZZO (Alfonso)
ISRAEL (Edmond)
JUNCKER (Jean-Claude)
KASEL (Jean-Jacques)
KOHNSTAMM (Max)
LALUMIÈRE (Catherine)
LAMASSOURE (Alain)
LAMFALUSSY (Alexandre)
LAROSIÈRE (Jacques de)
LÜCKER (Hans-August)
LULLING (Astrid)
MARÍN GONZÁLEZ (Manuel)
MARTENS (Wilfried)
MAYSTADT (Philippe)
MEDEIROS FERREIRA (José Manuel)
MEISCH (Adrien)
MÉNDEZ DE VIGO (Íñigo)
MERSCH (Yves)
MERTZ (Paul)
MISCHO, Jean
MOLITOR (Édouard)
MOSCOVICI (Pierre)
MUYSER (Guy DE)
NOTHOMB (Charles-Ferdinand)
NOYER (Christian)
OLIVI (Bino)
OREJA AGUIRRE (Marcelino)
OTTO VON HABSBURG-LOTHRINGEN
PESCATORE (Pierre)
POOS (Jacques F.)
PRODI (Romano)
PUJOL (Jordi)
RABIER (Jacques-René)
REDING (Viviane)
RENCKI (Georges)
RICARD-NIHOUL (Gaëtane)
RIEBEN (Henri)
ROBIN (Gabriel)
ROTH (Lex)
RUPPERT (Charles)
RUTTEN (Charles)
SACCOMANNI (Fabrizio)
SANTER (Jacques)
SCHEICH (Manfred)
SCHOUTHEETE (Philippe DE)
SCHWAIGER (Norbert)
SILVA LOPES (José DA)
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STEICHEN (René)
THORN (Gaston)
THYGESEN (Niels)
TIETMEYER (Hans)
TINDEMANS (Leo)
TRICHET (Jean-Claude)
UNWIN (Sir Brian)
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VASCONCELOS (Álvaro de)
VÉDRINE (Hubert)
VERSCHUER (Helmut von)
VISCO (Ignazio)
VITORINO (António)
WELLENSTEIN (Edmund)
WERNER (Henri)
WERNER (Marie-Anne)
WEYLAND (Joseph)
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