The Berlin question
The Berlin question
Flight to the West
SED poster against RIAS (1952)
Texte‘Warning: RIAS poison’. In 1952, the Socialist Unity Party (SED) of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) publishes a poster condemning the broadcasts of RIAS (Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor), a US radio station whose studios are located in West Berlin.
Letter from the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees to the German Federal Government (10 February 1953)
TexteOn 10 February 1953, the Dutch UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart, forwards to the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) an initial report on the persistent mass influx of refugees from East Germany into the FRG and outlines the measures taken to house them.
Plan of action of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to meet the refugee emergency in Germany (February 1953)
TexteIn February 1953, Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart, the Dutch United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, draws up an Action Plan to assist the large number of refugees flooding into West Germany.
The workers' riots
Proclamation by the political parties in West Berlin (17 June 1953)
TexteOn 17 June 1953, the main political parties in West Berlin openly support the demands of the East Berlin strikers and call for the peaceful reunification of Germany.
Statement by Konrad Adenauer to the Bundestag (Bonn, 17 June 1953)
TexteFollowing the events of 17 June 1953, Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), expresses to the Bundestag his Government’s solidarity with the striking East German workers.
Notice announcing the declaration of a state of emergency in Berlin (17 June 1953)
ImageOn 17 June 1953, General Pavel Dibrova, military commander of East Berlin, declares a state of emergency in the Soviet sector of Berlin.
Joint Message from the Commandants of the United States, the United Kingdom and France in Berlin to the Soviet Control Commission (18 June 1953)
TexteOn 18 June 1953, in a note addressed to the Soviet Control Commission in East Berlin, the Commandants of the US, British and French forces in West Berlin express their indignation at the Soviet troops’ brutal intervention to control the workers’ riots in East Berlin and throughout the German Democratic Republic (GDR).
‘State of emergency in East Berlin’ from the Süddeutsche Zeitung (18 June 1953)
TexteOn 18 June 1953, the Bavarian newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung describes the intervention of the Soviet armed forces the previous day to bring the workers’ riots in East Berlin under control.
Reply of the Soviet Commandant in Berlin (20 June 1953)
TexteOn 20 June 1953, in his reply to the US, British and French Commandants in West Berlin, the Soviet Commandant justifies the repressive policy of the Soviet Union and accuses the Western Powers of supporting the rioters in the Eastern sector of Berlin.
'Behind a crumbling façade' from the Süddeutsche Zeitung (23 June 1953)
TexteIn its editorial of 23 June 1953, the German daily newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung considers the consequences of the workers' riot in East Berlin on 17 June.
'Something in the air' from Der Spiegel (24 June 1953)
TexteOn 24 June 1953, German weekly Der Spiegel comments on the scenes of unrest that were witnessed on 17 June in East Berlin.
Letter from Dwight D. Eisenhower to Konrad Adenauer (23 July 1953)
TexteOn 23 July 1953, the US President, Dwight D. Eisenhower, writes a letter to the German Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, in which he comments on the workers’ uprising in East Berlin and reaffirms the importance of working together for the reunification of a free and democratic Germany.
Map showing the workers’ uprising in the GDR and in East Berlin (17 June 1953)
TexteMap published by the Federal Ministry for All-German Affairs on the popular uprising of 17 June 1953 in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and in East Berlin.
Workers' demonstrations in East Berlin (17 June 1953)
ImageOn 16 and 17 June 1953, strikes and demonstrations in East Berlin and throughout the Soviet zone lead to the intervention of the police force of the German Democratic Republic (GDR): for the inhabitants of East Germany, this signifies the end of democracy.
Workers' riots in East Berlin (17 June 1953)
ImageThe workers' riots on 16 and 17 June 1953 in East Berlin sounded the death knell for democracy for all East Germans.
Jakob Kaiser, Reunited Germany - a bastion of freedom
TexteJakob Kaiser, Federal Minister for All-German Affairs, sees the workers' revolt in East Berlin on 17 June 1953 as an appeal to the free world for German reunification.
"L'effondrement des exploits des mercenaires étrangers à Berlin (1)" dans Pravda (18 juin 1953)
TexteLe 18 juin 1953, au lendemain de la révolte ouvrière à Berlin-Est, le journal soviétique Pravda nous livre le point de vue soviétique des événements.
'Foreign mercenaries’ schemes in Berlin fail (2)' from Pravda (18 June 1953)
TexteOn 18 June 1953, the day after the workers’ revolt in East Berlin, the Soviet newspaper Pravda gives the Soviet viewpoint on these events.
Workers’ revolt in East Berlin (17 June 1953)
VidéoOn 16 and 17 June 1953, strikes and demonstrations by workers in East Berlin and throughout the Soviet occupation zone lead to the intervention of the police forces of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the tanks of the Soviet occupation forces. Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), protests on behalf of all Germans and sets the reunification of Germany as his ultimate political goal.