According to the Court of Justice, in its judgment of 16 June 1966, in Case 57/65, Lütticke/Hauptzollamt Saarlouis, an obligation imposed by the Treaty on the Member States, which is not qualified by any condition or subject, in its implementation or effects, to the taking of any measure either by the institutions of the Community or by the Member States, is capable of producing direct effects on the legal relationships between the Member States and persons within their jurisdiction.