- Born on 12 November 1929 in Paris (F)

- Nationality: French

- Inspector of Finance (from 1960)

- Assistant Director (1967‒1974) then Director of the Treasury (1974‒1978)

- Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (1978‒1987)

- Governor of the Banque de France (1987‒1993)

- President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) (1993‒1998)